OCR GCSE History B key terms

Assistance provided to people in poverty, including food, accommodation, money or materials for work.

The principle that settlers in a territory should decide whether slavery would be permitted there.

Carrying or dragging boats overland between waterways or around obstacles such as rapids.

The art of making images of particular people, usually showing their appearance and distinguishing features.

A plant disease that destroyed much of Ireland’s potato crop from 1845.

A thick soup made from available ingredients, commonly vegetables, beans and grains, which formed an important part of peasants’ diets.

Being unable to afford basic necessities, such as sufficient food, clothing and shelter.

A minimum income threshold calculated to cover the basic necessities needed to maintain physical health.

A judgement about people made in advance, often based on hostile assumptions about the group they belong to.

Action taken to reduce the risk of illness before it develops, rather than treating people only after they become ill.

A historical account compiled in Kiev around 1113, describing the early Rus rulers and settlements but also containing legendary material.

Poverty in which a household’s total income is insufficient to afford basic necessities, even if it spends its money as carefully as possible.

An Indian territory governed by a prince under treaty arrangements with Britain, rather than administered directly as a British province.

A religious community governed by a prior or prioress, or the buildings occupied by that community.

A person held captive by an enemy during a war.

A place where captured members of enemy armed forces were held during a war.

An old ship used to hold prisoners rather than transport them.

A sailor authorised by a government to attack and seize another country’s ships or possessions.

Attacking and capturing another country’s ships with authorisation from a government, usually to seize valuable cargo.

A proposal for a law introduced by an individual MP rather than by the government.

A basic toilet, often built over a pit that collected human waste.

The group of senior advisers who helped the monarch govern England.

Supervision of an offender in the community, involving conditions and support intended to prevent further offending.

A name used for opponents of Britain’s war against the Boers; their reasons for opposition varied.

Images, writing or other messages used to promote a particular view and strengthen support for a ruler or cause.

Bringing a criminal accusation against someone through the courts; prosecution does not necessarily result in conviction.

A person who searches for valuable minerals, such as gold.