OCR GCSE History B key terms

The process of obtaining people to serve in the armed forces, initially through voluntary enlistment in Britain during the First World War.

A person who refused to attend Church of England services.

Replacing or renewing the outer surface of a building's walls.

A law changing the electoral system, including who could vote or how places were represented in Parliament.

The religious movement that split the Western Christian Church into Catholic and Protestant branches during the sixteenth century.

A person forced to flee their country because of persecution or conflict and who needs protection. Recognition as a refugee confirms a person's protection needs; it is different from simply having an asylum application pending.

A person who governs on behalf of a monarch who is too young or otherwise unable to rule personally.

Helping offenders change their behaviour and develop the skills needed to live without committing further crimes.

Germany’s national parliament, which debated and voted on laws.

The emergency decree signed on 28 February 1933 that suspended civil liberties and gave the Nazis a legal basis for suppressing opponents.

An object believed to have a sacred connection with a holy person or event. Many crusaders believed the Holy Lance was the spear which had pierced Christ’s side.

A payment made by an heir to take over a deceased landholder’s holding.

An army sent to help a besieged town or fortress by attacking or driving away its besiegers.

Following the legally required forms of religious worship, such as attending Church of England services.

The arrangements introduced in 1559 to establish a Protestant Church of England under Elizabeth’s authority and regulate public worship.

Allowing people to practise beliefs different from your own without persecuting them for those beliefs.

The forgiveness or release from sins promised in connection with the religious undertaking; Urban’s preaching linked this promise to repentance and participation.

An area of land set aside for Native Americans, where the US government increasingly controlled movement and everyday life.

Actions intended to oppose, obstruct or undermine a ruling power, including armed attacks and non-violent help for persecuted people.

People attached to a powerful person’s household or service.

Punishment intended to make an offender suffer a penalty considered deserved for their crime.

Income received by a ruler or government, for example through taxation or tribute.

The legal entitlement to live in and enter the United Kingdom without immigration restrictions.

The policy introduced by the Housing Act of 1980 that allowed council tenants to purchase their homes.

A fortification enclosed by a roughly circular bank and ditch, with a palisade on the bank.

A repeated ceremonial action connected with religious beliefs, such as making an offering or sharing a sacred feast.

An ethnic group with origins in north-west India whose ancestors migrated through Asia into Europe. Romany communities reached Britain in the early sixteenth century.

An overcrowded, poor urban district associated with criminal activity.