OCR GCSE History B key terms

An act expressing repentance for sins. Crusaders performed acts of penance because they believed spiritual preparation could help them gain God’s support.

Lloyd George’s 1909 budget, which increased taxation to help finance the Liberal government’s reforms and rising defence expenditure.

A court established in Berlin in 1934 to try treason and other important political cases, helping the Nazi regime punish opposition.

The early crusading movement of 1096, led principally by Peter the Hermit and including Walter Sans Avoir’s followers. It departed before the main armies and was largely destroyed by the Seljuk Turks.

Hostile or unfair treatment of people because of their beliefs or identity.

A building used to separate people suffering from plague from the wider population.

A formal written request to a ruler or other authority.

The theft of goods of relatively low value, such as bread or poultry.

Surviving material evidence of a site's past, such as walls, rooms and buildings.

A taste for scenery valued for its striking, irregular or romantic appearance, including ruined buildings.

Deep religious devotion, expressed through belief, worship and efforts to live according to religious rules.

A journey to a place of religious importance, made as an act of faith.

Stealing goods and supplies by force, especially during warfare.

The Aztec nobility, who held land and dominated important positions in government, the military, the courts and the priesthood.

A serious infectious disease that caused repeated outbreaks in early modern Britain, including the Great Plague of 1665.

Instructions issued by national government to organise responses to outbreaks of plague.

A large agricultural estate growing crops for sale, often using enslaved labour in the southern United States.

A building used for staging plays, also called a theatre.

A direct vote by the electorate on a particular proposal.

Holding more than one Church office at the same time.

Taking or hunting animals illegally, particularly game on private estates.

Specialist merchants who organised long-distance trade, particularly in luxury goods, in the Aztec world.

An organised outbreak of violence against Jewish people and their communities.

A neighbourhood-based support worker who assists the police through visible patrols, community contact and work against anti-social behaviour, with more limited powers than a police constable.

A national computer system introduced in 1974 that allows police to access and share records, including information about vehicles and missing persons.

The work of enforcing the law, preventing crime and investigating offences.

An organisation that seeks political power by putting forward candidates for election and promoting policies.