OCR GCSE History B key terms

The movement to end slavery. Abolitionists differed over the methods they should use.

A conscientious objector who refused military service and alternative work schemes because accepting them would recognise the state’s right to direct his conscience.

Adapting to life under an occupying power, often to survive or protect a family, without necessarily supporting its aims.

Acceptance of something without actively resisting it; this does not necessarily mean enthusiastic agreement.

Something people did at a historical site, such as working, worshipping, governing or taking part in leisure.

Adding other substances to food or drink, often to increase the amount sold or disguise poor quality.

Sexual relations involving a married person and someone other than their spouse.

A person who undertook risky overseas ventures seeking opportunities such as wealth, trade, territory or fame.

A title meaning protector of the church associated with Christ’s burial place in Jerusalem. It is commonly used to describe Godfrey of Bouillon’s position as ruler, although his precise title is disputed.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a condition caused by advanced HIV infection in which damage to the immune system leaves a person vulnerable to serious infections.

A historical legal term for a person who was not a citizen of the country in which they lived.

A tax imposed on foreign-born residents. The 1440 alien subsidy charged different annual amounts to householders and non-householders, with exemptions for some groups.

An agreement between rulers or states to cooperate, for example by providing military support.

The division of communally held tribal land into plots allocated to individual Native Americans, as promoted by the Dawes Act of 1887.

Charitable accommodation for people in need, particularly the elderly or those unable to support themselves.

The belief that life in the United States offered opportunities to achieve prosperity and a better future.

A place where ships can anchor, often sheltered from rough seas.

The kingdoms of England, Denmark and Norway brought under Cnut’s rule. ‘Anglo’ refers to England and ‘Scandinavian’ to the northern European kingdoms. It is also called the North Sea Empire.

A historical record arranged by year, often written by monks or other churchmen.

The incorporation of conquered territory into another state or empire.

A payment made each year. In agreements with Native American peoples, annuities were promised in return for land.

Being unknown to the people around you, making it harder for others to identify you or know your behaviour.

Automatic Number Plate Recognition: technology that reads vehicle registration plates and checks them against records.

Organised efforts to challenge racial prejudice, discrimination and racist political activity.

Prejudice, hostility or discrimination directed against Jewish people.

The abandonment or rejection of a religious faith. Aurangzeb used an accusation of abandoning Islam against Dara before his execution.

A period in which a young person works under a master to learn a trade, often living in the master's household.