OCR GCSE History B key terms

Keeping more animals on land than its available food and water can support.

The belief that war and violence are wrong.

Relating to non-Christian religious beliefs or practices; Puritans used this description for customs with pre-Christian roots.

The Lakota name for the Black Hills, a region especially sacred to the Lakota Sioux.

A migrant associated with the Palatinate and surrounding Rhineland in central Europe. Large numbers arrived in England in 1709.

A defensive fence made from wooden stakes or posts.

An army unit recruited from men in the same community, workplace or social group, with the promise that they would serve together.

An epidemic that spreads across many countries or continents.

The office and authority of the pope, the head of the western Latin Church.

A representative appointed to act with the pope’s authority. Adhemar, Bishop of Le Puy, was appointed to represent Urban on the expedition.

The claim that the pope held supreme authority over the whole Christian Church.

An organisation resembling an army in its structure, discipline and training, but not part of the regular armed forces.

An armed organisation outside the regular armed forces, organised along military lines.

A local area served by a church and its minister.

An unpaid local official who helped keep order in a parish, including directing the hue and cry.

The institution comprising the monarch, the House of Lords and the House of Commons through which Acts of Parliament were made and parliamentary taxation was approved.

An arrangement allowing a prisoner to live outside a prison under agreed restrictions, having promised not to escape.

Tiny particles suspended in the air, including those released by diesel exhausts, which contribute to air pollution.

The division of a territory into separately governed areas. During the Home Rule crisis, proposals to exclude part of Ulster raised the prospect of dividing Ireland.

Non-violent refusal to cooperate with a government or its rules, often through small acts rather than an open confrontation.

Breathing in other people’s tobacco smoke, which can harm the health of non-smokers as well as smokers.

A commercially sold remedy advertised as treating or curing disease; nineteenth-century claims were often unsupported.

An attitude in which rulers claim to act for other people’s benefit while denying them an equal say in decisions.

A status introduced by the Immigration Act 1971 that gave qualifying people the right of abode in the United Kingdom.

A senior Church leader with authority over a major religious centre and its surrounding churches. Jerusalem’s Latin patriarch led its Latin Christian Church.

A society or household in which men are expected to hold authority over women and children.

Support given to artists, architects or builders through commissions, money and resources.