OCR GCSE History B key terms

Organised efforts to protect and improve the health of a population, including preventing disease and improving living conditions.

A punishment that exposes an offender to shame and ridicule in front of other people.

A fee-paying private school in Britain, such as Eton or Harrow; the term does not mean a state school.

Something that attracts people to move to a destination, such as the opportunity to find work.

A committed Protestant who wanted religious worship and everyday behaviour to follow the Bible strictly, rejecting practices regarded as Catholic or ungodly.

A Protestant movement whose followers wanted to remove remaining Catholic practices and promote stricter religious conduct.

English Protestants who wanted to remove remaining Catholic practices from the Church of England.

Restricting people's movement and separating them from others to try to prevent the spread of infection.

Meetings of local Justices of the Peace held four times a year to hear cases and conduct local judicial business.

A Jewish religious teacher and leader.

Unfair treatment of people because of their race, such as paying Black soldiers less than white soldiers.

The enforced separation of people by race, for example in schools, transport or other public facilities.

Prejudice or discrimination based on race, including beliefs that some racial groups are superior to others.

The National Labour Service, which organised labour for projects such as road repairs and tree planting.

Members of the Republican Party who wanted stronger federal action to reconstruct the South and secure equal civil and political rights for African Americans.

An attack intended to seize valuables or captives, rather than necessarily to conquer and permanently rule a territory.

British rule in India, including directly governed provinces and princely states under British authority.

Powerful warrior rulers and clans, many of whom held kingdoms in Rajasthan in northern India.

A business that keeps and raises livestock, such as cattle, using extensive grazing land.

Money or valuables demanded in exchange for releasing a captive or returning a seized object.

A system that limits how much of scarce goods, such as food, people can obtain.

Food allowances distributed by the government. Dependence on these supplies gave officials leverage over Native American families.

The materials used to make products, such as iron for tools or leather for shoes.

The purchasing power of workers’ pay: the goods and services their wages can buy.

The rebuilding and expansion of a country's armed forces and military equipment.

An organised attempt to resist or overthrow established authority.

The gradual conquest by Christian rulers of Muslim-ruled territories in the Iberian Peninsula.