Chemistry key terms

A colourless gas that turns limewater milky or cloudy.

The total amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases emitted over the full life cycle of a product, service or event.

A colourless, odourless and toxic gas that may be released when a carbon-containing fuel burns incompletely.

A long, hollow, cylindrical fullerene made of bonded carbon atoms.

Compensating for emissions by supporting activities that remove or prevent greenhouse-gas emissions elsewhere, such as reforestation.

The extraction of a metal from its compound by heating it with carbon or using a carbon-derived reducing agent such as carbon monoxide.

A place or system, such as a forest or peat bog, that takes in and stores carbon.

A framework of carbon atoms joined by covalent bonds, which may form a chain, branches or a ring.

A stable compound formed when carbon monoxide binds strongly to haemoglobin.

The –COOH group that gives carboxylic acids their characteristic reactions.

A functional group written as –COOH in an amino acid.

An organic acid containing the $\mathrm{-COOH}$ functional group.

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up overall.

A device in a vehicle exhaust system that uses catalysts to convert carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and unburned hydrocarbons into less harmful substances.

The negative electrode in electrolysis, where positive ions gain electrons.

A positively charged ion; the metal ions tested here are cations.

A relationship in which a change in one factor produces a change in another.

A relationship in which a change in one factor produces a change in another.

A relationship in which a change in one factor produces a change in an outcome.

A device in which reacting chemicals produce a potential difference and can transfer electrical energy around a circuit.

A hard, heat-resistant, non-metallic material made by shaping or forming raw material and then heating it.

The difference between two values, commonly written using the Greek letter delta, $\Delta$.

The difference between the final and initial values of a measured quantity.

A change between solid, liquid and gas in which the substance remains chemically the same.

Algebraically rewriting an equation so that a chosen variable is alone on one side.

To determine the identity, composition, purity or properties of a substance using suitable observations or measurements.

A chemical reaction shown by compounds because they contain the same functional group.

A particle that carries electric charge through a substance, such as a mobile ion.

The use of tests or measurements to identify substances or determine how much of a substance is present.

An attraction that holds atoms or ions together in a substance.