Chemistry key terms

Processes associated with volcanoes, including eruptions and the release of gases from within the Earth.

The release of gases from the Earth’s interior through volcanic activity.

The potential difference between two points, measured in volts (V).

The space occupied by a substance, measured in units such as cm³ or m³.

A piece of apparatus used with a pipette filler to transfer a fixed, accurately measured volume of liquid.

Water containing unwanted substances as a result of domestic, agricultural or industrial use.

A container of water used to warm a sample indirectly, rather than placing the sample over a flame.

Water molecules incorporated into the crystal structure of a hydrated substance.

Water in its gaseous state, with the formula H₂O(g).

The distance between corresponding points on successive waves, such as from one wave crest to the next.

An acid that ionises only partially in water, leaving many acid molecules un-ionised.

An average in which values present in greater proportions contribute more strongly to the result.

An investigation in which relevant variables other than the independent variable are kept constant so that conditions can be compared validly.

A representation of a chemical reaction that gives the full names of the substances involved rather than their chemical formulae.

A single-celled fungus that supplies the enzymes needed to ferment sugars.

The amount of product obtained from a chemical reaction.

An equipment fault in which an instrument gives a non-zero reading when the quantity being measured is zero.