Chemistry key terms

The simplest whole-number proportions of the reactants and products in a balanced equation.

The number of collisions between particles in a given time.

The model in which a reaction occurs only when reacting particles collide with sufficient energy.

A reaction with oxygen that releases energy. Complete combustion of a hydrocarbon produces carbon dioxide and water.

Combustion in a plentiful supply of oxygen, so the carbon and hydrogen in a hydrocarbon are fully oxidised to carbon dioxide and water.

A material containing two or more distinguishable materials whose properties work together.

A material made by combining different materials so that useful properties from them are brought together.

The relative amounts of the different components in a mixture, often stated as percentages.

A substance containing two or more different elements chemically combined.

An ion made from two or more atoms joined together that acts as one charged unit, such as $\mathrm{NO_3^-}$.

A unit formed from more than one unit, usually by multiplication or division, such as $\text{g/dm}^3$ or $\text{m/s}$.

To force a substance into a smaller volume.

A material's ability to withstand a pushing force without being crushed or deformed.

A model implemented using computer code so that many calculations or simulations can be carried out efficiently.

Describes a solution containing a relatively large amount of dissolved substance for its volume.

An acid solution containing a relatively large amount of acid per unit volume.

A solution containing a relatively large amount of dissolved substance per unit volume.

A liquid containing more ethanol relative to water than the liquid it was obtained from.

The amount of dissolved substance in a given volume of solution.

Titration results that are close enough to one another to be used together; in this practical, they are within 0.2 cm³.

Titre values that are sufficiently close to one another to be used in calculating a reliable mean.

A change from a gas to a liquid, such as water vapour forming liquid water as it cools.

A reaction in which monomers with two functional groups join repeatedly to form a polymer, usually releasing a small molecule such as water whenever a new link forms.

A reaction in which molecules join while a small molecule is eliminated.

The cooled part of a distillation apparatus where vapour turns back into liquid.

The change of state from a gas to a liquid.

The ability of a material to transfer electrical charge or thermal energy.

The degree of trust placed in a prediction or hypothesis in the light of the available evidence.

A third variable that may influence both variables being compared, creating or altering an apparent correlation.

The pattern of which atoms are bonded directly to which other atoms in a structure.