Chemistry key terms

The distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms.

A line in a displayed formula representing a covalent bond between two atoms.

The formation of a chemical bond between particles; this releases energy.

An alloy of copper and zinc.

Likely to fracture with little bending or other deformation when a force is applied.

The tendency to fracture with little bending or permanent deformation.

An orange solution of bromine in water, used to test for a carbon–carbon double bond.

An alloy of copper and tin.

A spherical fullerene molecule containing 60 carbon atoms, with the formula C₆₀.

Material present on an ordinary large scale, such as a lump or a powder containing a very large number of atoms.

A property of a large sample of material, such as its melting point, rather than a property of one individual atom or molecule.

A gas burner with an adjustable air hole used to heat apparatus in a laboratory.

A graduated tube with a tap that delivers and measures a variable volume of solution.

A wooden splint that has been lit and still has a flame.

A product formed alongside the desired product.

A spherical fullerene molecule containing 60 carbon atoms, also called buckminsterfullerene.

An evidence-based statistical estimate of the chance of a specified harmful outcome in a defined population over a stated period.

Checking or adjusting an instrument against reference samples with known values so that its readings are reliable.

A graph that relates instrument readings to known concentrations of a substance.

A graph relating a measured signal to known concentrations, used to find the concentration of an unknown sample.

An insulated container used to measure temperature changes caused by a physical or chemical change.

An experiment that measures an energy change indirectly from a measured temperature change.

A measure of the proportion of gold in a gold alloy, where 24 carat is pure gold.

A carbon-containing compound formed from dissolved carbon dioxide; some carbonates become part of sediments and rocks.

An ion with the formula $\mathrm{CO_3^{2-}}$, found in carbonate compounds.

A rock containing calcium carbonate; limestone and marble are important examples.

Solid material containing carbonate ions that settles and can eventually become part of sedimentary rock, storing carbon for a long time.

The removal of carbon dioxide from emissions or the atmosphere, followed by storage so that it does not enter or remain in the air.

The trapping of carbon dioxide from power generation or industry followed by its long-term storage, usually underground.

A carbon–carbon bond containing two shared pairs of electrons, written C=C; it is the functional group of an alkene.