Key terms & definitions

Government through existing local rulers and institutions rather than direct administration of every community by the ruling power.

A tax on spending, such as Value Added Tax (VAT).

Tax charged on goods or services, usually collected by businesses and passed on to consumers through prices.

Harm inflicted without distinguishing between different victims, such as soldiers and civilians.

Harm that does not reliably distinguish between combatants and civilians.

The quality of a marriage bond that cannot be dissolved. Catholic teaching holds that a ratified and consummated marriage between baptised people cannot be dissolved by human power.

A difference between participants, such as reading ability or memory capacity, that could affect the dependent variable.

The combination of characteristics, experiences, beliefs and relationships that makes a person who they are.

The belief that people should primarily look after themselves rather than take responsibility for the wider community.

A cultural emphasis on independence, personal goals and individual achievement.

A culture that places relatively greater emphasis on personal independence and individual goals.

The freedom to make personal choices and express beliefs and opinions, within the law and with regard for other people's rights.

The responsibility of a minister to explain and answer to Parliament for the policies and actions of their department.

The principle that training must be tailored to the requirements and characteristics of the performer, including their current fitness and goals.

A single living thing.

Racist attitudes or discriminatory actions by a person towards others.

Worship carried out by a person on their own, for example through silent prayer or Bible reflection.

Unable to be divided into separate parts. In Judaism, God is one unified being.

The systematic teaching of beliefs in ways that discourage questioning or alternative views.

Teaching designed to make people accept particular beliefs without questioning them, rather than developing independent judgement.

Teaching beliefs in a way that discourages questioning or considering alternatives.

The process of teaching people to accept a set of beliefs without questioning them.

To cause an electrical effect, such as an alternating potential difference or current, through the action of an incoming electromagnetic wave.

A current produced by the generator effect when the conductor is part of a complete circuit.

A material that becomes a magnet when placed in a magnetic field and quickly loses most or all of that magnetism when the field is removed.

A magnetic material that becomes a magnet when placed in a magnetic field and loses most or all of its magnetism quickly when removed.

The magnetic field created by an induced current in a conducting circuit.

The process by which a magnetic material becomes a magnet while in an external magnetic field.

The process by which a magnetic material becomes a magnet when placed in a magnetic field.

A potential difference produced across a conductor by the generator effect.