Key terms & definitions

The raised number in a power. For example, in $10^3$, the index is 3 and $10^3=10\times10\times10=1000$.

Notation such as $a^n$ in which a base is written with an index.

A number expressing a value relative to a reference value, usually with the reference value set to 100.

The official measure of relative deprivation for small areas in England, combining seven weighted domains.

Support for Indians gaining greater control over their own government, ranging from demands for increased self-government to an end to British rule.

A United States law passed in 1830 under President Andrew Jackson that authorised the negotiation of removals of Indigenous peoples to land west of the Mississippi; removals were frequently coerced.

The name used by the US government for land west of the Mississippi River designated for relocated Indigenous peoples, in what later became Oklahoma.

A substance that changes colour over a particular pH range.

A substance that changes colour depending on whether a solution is acidic, neutral or alkaline.

A substance that changes colour depending on the acidity or alkalinity of its surroundings.

A species whose presence, absence or abundance provides evidence about environmental conditions, such as pollution.

An organism whose presence, absence or abundance provides information about environmental conditions.

The plural of index.

A serious criminal offence tried in the Crown Court before a judge and jury.

A lack of interest or concern, especially towards another person’s suffering.

A person belonging to the population of a place before colonising outsiders arrive.

The people originating in a place before settlers or colonisers arrived.

Peoples whose communities inhabited a territory before colonisation by outsiders. North America contained many distinct Indigenous societies with their own governments, cultures and interests.

People with long-standing ancestral connections to a place, whose cultures and livelihoods developed there before later settlement by outsiders.

A person belonging to a population established in a region before its colonisation by outsiders.

Angry at something regarded as wrong or unjust; Mark uses this to describe Jesus’s response when the disciples turn people away.

Trying to achieve change through representatives, organisations or other intermediaries.

Communication within the story world which the audience observes or overhears, rather than being addressed directly.

Aggression taken out on an object to gain an advantage over an opponent, without physical contact between participants, such as hitting a tennis ball hard during a rally.

An economic consequence beyond the expense of providing care, such as production lost through absence from work.

Discrimination resulting from a rule or practice that appears to apply equally to everyone but disadvantages a particular group.

A practice, policy or rule applied to everyone that disadvantages people with a particular characteristic; in law, such a rule may be permitted if it is objectively justified.

A change produced through an intervening process or consequence, such as groynes reducing sediment supply to beaches farther along the coast.

Evidence used to infer something that was not observed or measured directly, such as ancient rocks providing clues about past atmospheric conditions.

God making himself or his message known through a sign, symbol or intermediary rather than an unveiled personal encounter.