Key terms & definitions

The redistribution of charge within an object caused by the electric field of a nearby charged object.

Training that introduces a new employee to a business, its procedures and their role.

A remission of punishment for sins granted by the Church. The promise of a full indulgence offered crusaders a powerful spiritual reward.

Allowing someone to do what they want without sufficient limits or correction.

In Catholic teaching, the remission of temporal punishment due to sins whose guilt has already been forgiven, granted through the Church under prescribed conditions.

Action taken by workers, such as striking, to put pressure on employers over an employment dispute.

Action taken together by workers, such as a strike or overtime ban, to put pressure on an employer during a dispute.

A weakening of industry’s ability to compete and maintain production, sales and employment.

The professional design of products for manufacture, considering their function, appearance and use.

A conflict between employers and employees over matters such as pay, hours or working conditions.

The development of an economy increasingly based on factory production rather than agriculture.

The growth of manufacturing and other industrial activities within an economy.

The historical shift towards machine production and factory-based work, which transformed employment and communities.

Land used for activities such as manufacturing, processing and storing goods.

The quantity of goods produced by factories and other industries over a period of time.

The transformation of production through machinery and factories, which began in Britain around the middle of the eighteenth century.

The growth of mechanised production and factories that transformed work and society from the eighteenth century onwards.

The proportions of employment in the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary sectors of an economy.

Water used in industrial activities, including manufacturing goods, cooling machinery and generating energy.

Unable to be fully expressed in words.

A collision in which the total kinetic energy of the colliding objects is not conserved because some is transferred to other energy stores.

A collision in which total kinetic energy is not conserved, although total momentum remains conserved in a closed system. The objects may separate afterwards.

Deformation in which an object does not return completely to its original shape and size when the forces are removed.

A permanent change in shape: the object does not return to its original shape when the deforming forces are removed.

A change in shape that remains after the force is removed, so the object does not fully return to its original shape.

A change of shape that is not completely reversed when the deforming forces are removed.

A sphere that does not change shape when forces act on it.

A ball-shaped object whose collisions do not conserve all the kinetic energy of the colliding objects; bowling balls are a simple comparison used to represent particles.

Unequal access to resources and opportunities, or differences in outcomes, between people or places.

An inequality compares expressions using $<$, $>$, $\leq$ or $\geq$ rather than stating that they are equal.