OCR GCSE History A key terms

An organised group seeking to influence government policy or public opinion on particular issues, rather than form a government itself.

The respect and reputation enjoyed by a ruler or state, rather than its wealth or direct ability to enforce decisions.

Government limits on the prices sellers may charge for goods or services.

The Army’s removal of MPs sympathetic to further settlement with Charles I from Parliament in December 1648.

A privately owned ship, or its commander, backed by a government to attack enemy shipping and take captured ships or goods as prizes. Elizabeth’s backing could be informal as well as officially authorised.

Attacks on enemy ships by privately owned vessels authorised by a government; these could involve capturing people as well as goods.

A small area of land which a household could cultivate for its own benefit, alongside its work on collective land.

The transfer of publicly owned businesses or industries into private ownership.

The amount produced in relation to the resources used, such as output per worker.

The federal policy established by the Eighteenth Amendment that outlawed the manufacture, sale or transportation of intoxicating liquor within or into the United States.

Messages designed to shape people’s beliefs and behaviour by promoting a particular viewpoint, often through selective information and emotional appeals.

An electoral system in which parties receive seats broadly in proportion to their share of the vote.

A person appointed to exercise governing authority when the monarch could not rule personally, for example because of illness or youth.

The government headed by a Lord Protector, first Oliver Cromwell and then Richard Cromwell, which ended in 1659.

The political, economic and social dominance of the Protestant elite in Ireland, especially members of the Anglican established church.

The origin of a source, including who produced it, when and in what circumstances.

Reforms imposed on Henry III in 1258 which required government through a baronial council and regular parliamentary consultation.

Overcoming an internalised sense of inferiority and recognising one’s own dignity and ability to act. Black Consciousness regarded this as essential to political liberation.

The views held by people outside government about public affairs, which political groups may try to influence.

A circumstance that attracts people to a destination, such as employment or relatives already living there.

Factors that attract people to a destination, such as safety, family connections or employment.

Using government spending to create employment and income, encouraging spending on goods and helping businesses recover.

In Catholic belief, a state of purification after death before entering heaven; prayers for the dead were believed to help souls undergoing this purification.

The removal of people regarded as political opponents from positions of power, often accompanied by persecution.

Protestants who wanted to remove practices they considered Catholic from the Church of England and generally favoured simpler worship.

A circumstance that encourages people to leave a place, such as persecution, political instability or economic hardship.

Factors that drive people to leave a place, such as persecution, war or loss of livelihood.