OCR GCSE History A key terms

Knowingly giving false testimony under oath.

The systematic mistreatment of people because of their identity, beliefs or membership of a group.

The promotion of a leader as an exceptional, almost infallible figure who deserves personal devotion and obedience.

The period from 1629 to 1640 when Charles I governed without calling Parliament.

An approach that uses money or resources to improve other people’s welfare. Philanthropic housing could combine a social purpose with a limited financial return.

The local surroundings of a site, including its terrain, water and relationship to neighbouring land.

A large northern rebellion in 1536–1537, led by Robert Aske, which sought to restore monasteries and traditional religion and remove unpopular royal advisers.

A large agricultural estate producing crops for sale; Caribbean plantations used enslaved labour.

A direct vote by the people of an area on an important political question, such as which country they wish to belong to.

The holding of more than one Church office by a member of the clergy, potentially drawing income from several parishes.

A violent attack on a particular ethnic or religious community, especially the attacks on Jewish communities in the Russian Empire.

A state in which the government uses police powers, surveillance and punishment to suppress opposition rather than protect citizens’ freedoms.

A law that enabled Polish people connected with the armed forces to remain and work in Britain after the Second World War and supported their settlement.

Activity intended to influence political decisions or opinion, including spreading arguments, organising support and challenging government policies.

The process of strengthening a government's authority and reducing challenges to its rule.

An effect on government, laws, political participation or the exercise of power.

Organising people to take collective political action, such as campaigning, petitioning or protesting.

People or groups who challenge the government’s policies or conduct.

A political grouping whose members cooperate to influence government and secure support in Parliament.

A tax charged per person rather than according to the value of their property or income.

The demands issued by the Pilgrimage of Grace rebels, including restoration of monasteries, obedience to the Pope, dismissal of Cromwell and repeal of the Statute of Uses.

A campaign planned by Martin Luther King Jr. and continued by Ralph Abernathy and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1968, bringing poor people from different communities together to demand action against poverty.

The presence of people with different origins, languages or cultural traditions within a population.

The armed wing of the Pan Africanist Congress, which used violent attacks in its attempt to overthrow the apartheid government.

An interpretation examining responsibility, fears and misunderstandings on both sides rather than blaming only the USA or USSR; it does not necessarily assign equal blame.

Broad agreement between the main political parties after 1945 about maintaining substantial welfare provision and government involvement in the economy, despite continuing disagreements.

An arrangement in which representatives of different political communities share responsibility for government.

A judgement about a person or group made in advance, often based on stereotypes rather than individual evidence.