OCR GCSE History A key terms

A required amount of output to be produced or delivered.

The belief that people can be divided into racial groups ranked as supposedly superior or inferior. This is an ideology, not a factual ranking of human worth.

The policy or practice of keeping racial groups apart, including in schools, housing and public facilities.

Prejudice, discrimination or hostility directed at people because of their perceived race or ethnic background.

An informal name for the clothing and garment industry.

A rapid attack intended to seize wealth, captives or supplies, rather than necessarily to hold territory permanently.

Limits on the quantities of particular goods that people can buy or obtain.

The purchasing power of wages: how much people can buy with their earnings after allowing for prices.

Expanding armed forces and increasing the production of weapons and military equipment.

An official responsible for receiving money and accounting for income and expenditure.

People already living in an area into which newcomers settle.

A federal organisation established in 1932 to lend money to struggling banks, businesses and railways.

Reviving economic activity, employment and incomes after an economic crisis.

The process of bringing people into the armed forces.

Deng’s description of people who combined loyalty to socialism with specialist knowledge and professional competence.

Mass organisations, initially associated especially with young students, which supported Mao Zedong and attacked people and institutions accused of opposing his revolution.

Moving parliamentary seats between constituencies so that representation better reflects where people live.

The intense fear of communist and other radical threats in the USA after the First World War, which encouraged repression and suspicion of immigrants.

Lasting changes to institutions or rules intended to reduce economic insecurity and prevent future crises.

A religious movement that challenged the authority, beliefs or practices of the Catholic Church; in England it included the removal of papal authority and later changes to doctrine and worship.

A person who has fled their country because of persecution, conflict or danger.

Action intended to improve a declining area through changes such as investment in its economy, buildings and services.

A person directly involved in the trial and execution of Charles I; more generally, someone responsible for killing a monarch.

Germany’s national parliament, which debated and voted on legislation.

The emergency decree issued after the February 1933 Reichstag Fire that suspended civil liberties and enabled the detention of political opponents without trial.

Immediate assistance for people suffering hardship, such as emergency money, food or employment.

A community whose members followed religious rules, such as a monastery, nunnery or friary.

A community of monks, nuns or other religious members following shared rules governing worship and daily life.