OCR GCSE History A key terms

A law approved through Parliament and accepted by the monarch.

The law passed by the English Parliament in 1701 that designated Sophia of Hanover and her Protestant heirs as successors to the Crown after the existing line of succession. It reinforced a Protestant monarchy and parliamentary control over succession.

The parliamentary union that took effect in 1707, joining England and Scotland into the kingdom of Great Britain under one Parliament and securing the Protestant Hanoverian succession.

The organisation and management of a household, estate or government, including its people and resources.

A photograph taken from above the ground, useful for examining the arrangement of buildings and their relationship to the surrounding landscape.

Communities of African origin dispersed outside Africa, including those created by forced migration through slavery.

A political movement promoting Afrikaner identity, culture and interests, which provided a major foundation for National Party support.

A herbicide sprayed by US forces to destroy vegetation that concealed Vietcong fighters.

A proposed written constitution developed by the Levellers in several versions between 1647 and 1649, intended to establish rights and make government accountable to the electorate.

A farming organisation in which households pool resources and work together. Under Mao, lower-stage cooperatives rewarded both land and labour contributions; advanced cooperatives rewarded labour contributions.

The American Indian Movement, founded in Minneapolis in 1968 to challenge discrimination and defend Native American rights, communities and cultures.

The code name for the centrally organised Nazi murder programme targeting adult patients with disabilities, authorised in 1939, with killings beginning in 1940.

A person who did not have British subject status; this was a legal category used in British nationality and immigration law.

A British law restricting immigration, passed in 1905 after campaigning in which hostility towards Jewish immigrants played an important part.

Direct taxes collected from non-English residents in England between 1440 and 1487.

Money, food or other assistance given to people in need.

Government organisations associated with the New Deal and commonly known by their initials, such as the CCC and TVA.

A supporter of abolishing the state and its authority. Anarchism was distinct from communism, although both were feared during the Red Scare.

The African National Congress, a liberation movement that opposed apartheid and sought a democratic, non-racial South Africa.

A declaration that a marriage was invalid from the beginning, rather than the ending of a valid marriage.

The union of Austria with Germany, carried out under Nazi pressure in March 1938.

Opposition to racism through campaigning, protest, education or legal action.

Prejudice, hostility or discrimination directed against Jewish people.

South Africa’s system of legally enforced racial segregation and white minority rule.

A policy of making concessions to another country to settle disputes and avoid war; in this debate, principally Britain’s policy towards Nazi Germany during the 1930s.

The settlement of a dispute by an independent third party.

The study of material remains, including buried features and standing structures, to investigate the past.