Edexcel GCSE History key terms

A Nazi programme that promoted improvements to workplaces, such as showers, canteens, lighting and ventilation.

The right to be tried in a Church court rather than a secular court, originally intended for clergy but extended to others who could pass a reading test.

The operation in which the Western Allies supplied West Berlin by aircraft during the Soviet blockade.

The Soviet closure of road, rail and canal access to West Berlin from June 1948 to May 1949, intended to force the Western Allies out.

Providing soldiers with accommodation in civilian premises.

A small sample of tissue or cells taken from the body for examination to help identify disease.

A senior Church official responsible for overseeing churches and clergy in an area.

Organised action to challenge unfair treatment of Black people and campaign for their rights.

A devastating outbreak of plague that reached England in 1348 and greatly reduced its population.

Trade outside official controls, such as selling food at prices above those set by the government.

The belief that African Americans should develop their own collective identity, institutions and control over their communities rather than depend on white leadership.

Restrictions on visible lighting intended to make it harder for enemy aircraft to identify targets at night.

A movement emphasising Black pride, solidarity and the ability of Black communities to organise against racism.

The sustained German bombing campaign against London and other British towns and cities, mainly from September 1940 to May 1941.

An operation using armed forces to prevent specified supplies or vessels from reaching a place. During the Cuban Missile Crisis, the USA used a naval blockade to stop further Soviet military deliveries.

A supply of collected, stored blood kept ready for transfusions.

The continuous movement of blood around the body, driven by the pumping action of the heart.

A continuing conflict in which families take revenge for harm done to their members.

A treatment that deliberately removed blood from a patient, often intended to restore the balance of the body's humours.

The transfer of donated blood into a patient's circulation to replace blood that has been lost.

The name given to the large number of offences punishable by death in eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Britain.

The violent confrontation in Trafalgar Square in 1887 when police, supported by soldiers, dispersed demonstrators, damaging trust in the police among their critics.

The revolutionary socialist party led by Lenin, which sought to replace the Provisional Government with a government based on soviets.

Heavy, sustained firing by artillery against an area or enemy position.

A concealed device designed to injure or kill someone who triggers it.

Charles Booth’s investigation of London’s poverty, employment and social conditions, recorded in notebooks, published volumes and poverty maps.

An organised group established by Henry Fielding in London in 1749 to pursue criminals, recover stolen property and gather evidence, later developed by John Fielding.