Edexcel GCSE History key terms

Payments or supplies promised to an Indigenous nation under an agreement with the US government, often in return for land.

A formal declaration that a marriage was never legally valid.

A ruler whose coronation included a religious ceremony of anointing, reinforcing the belief that royal authority came from God.

A medicine that kills bacteria or stops them multiplying, used to treat bacterial infections.

The ability of bacteria to survive an antibiotic that would previously have killed them or stopped their growth.

The campaign launched in June 1957 to punish people accused of opposing communist rule, including many who had criticised the Party during the Hundred Flowers campaign.

Prejudice, hatred or discrimination against Jews.

A substance used to destroy disease-causing microbes.

Behaviour that causes harassment, alarm or distress to other people; it can overlap with criminal activity.

A person who prepared and sold medicines, often made from herbs.

A trainee who learnt a skilled trade by working under a master craftsman.

Training in which a young person learns a trade by working with an experienced craftsperson.

Lenin’s proposals announced in April 1917, including opposition to the war and the Provisional Government, the transfer of power to soviets, and the confiscation and nationalisation of land.

An association of Arab states that sought cooperation and coordinated policies, including their response to Israel.

Farming that produces crops rather than primarily raising animals.

The exercise of authority according to a ruler’s personal wishes rather than fair, consistent rules or accepted customs.

The study of the past through physical remains, such as buildings, objects and human waste.

England's senior archbishop, whose position carried both religious authority and political influence.

A senior Church official who helped a bishop supervise priests and enforce discipline within a diocese.

A soldier who uses a bow to shoot arrows at an enemy.

The wealthy and powerful upper ranks of society, whose influence usually depended on landholding, family connections and service to a ruler.

A fleet of armed ships. The Spanish Armada was the fleet sent by Philip II against England in 1588.

An agreement to stop fighting; Germany’s armistice with the Allies was signed on 11 November 1918.

Agreements or measures that restrict the development, testing, deployment or spread of weapons, without necessarily eliminating them.

Competition between rival countries to develop and accumulate weapons so that neither falls behind the other militarily.

Air Raid Precautions: measures intended to protect civilians from air attacks, including warnings, blackout enforcement and arrangements for shelter.

A provision of the Weimar constitution allowing the President to take emergency measures without parliamentary consent.