Edexcel GCSE Geography B key terms

Wood used as a fuel.

The total value of goods and services produced within a country over a period, divided by its population. It is an average measure of economic output per person, not everyone's actual income.

Equal rights and opportunities for people of different genders, including access to education and employment.

The upgrading of an area, often involving housing renovation and an influx of wealthier residents, which can increase property prices and rents.

A structured investigation into a place and the processes happening there.

A computer system for storing, displaying and analysing geographically located information in layers.

A drawing showing a vertical slice through the ground, including the land surface and the rocks beneath it.

A map showing the distribution of rock units and, depending on its detail, geological structures such as faults.

The arrangement of rocks, including the direction of rock bands and the presence of fractures such as joints and faults.

The types, structures and arrangement of rocks, which influence where fossil fuels occur and how easily they can be extracted.

A map showing the distribution of rocks and geological deposits, using a legend to explain colours, patterns and symbols.

A country's ability to influence other countries and international decisions through its economic strength, political relationships and strategic importance.

A measure of how unequally income is distributed. On the 0–1 scale, 0 represents complete equality and values closer to 1 indicate greater inequality.

A geographical information system: computer software used to store, display and analyse data linked to locations.

A set of geographical information about one theme, such as buildings, flood extent or drainage, which can be displayed alongside other information in GIS.

A colder interval during an ice age when ice sheets expand.

Material deposited directly by glacial ice, containing a mixture of particle sizes.

A large mass of ice formed from accumulated, compressed snow that moves under gravity.

The large-scale movement of air around Earth that redistributes heat and creates belts of prevailing winds and pressure.

A hectare with the world-average productivity of biologically productive land and sea. It allows areas with different productivities to be compared.

Differences in income, living standards and opportunities between people and places across the world.

The increasing connections between countries through movements of goods, services, money, people and ideas.

An increase in Earth's average surface temperature over time.

A country’s total income, including net income received from abroad, divided by its population. It is an average, not everyone’s actual income.

Decisions and actions taken by a government to achieve particular economic or social goals.

The steepness of a slope, expressed as the change in height over a horizontal distance.

Land that has not previously been built on, such as farmland.

The natural warming of the Earth's surface and lower atmosphere because greenhouse gases absorb and re-emit some outgoing long-wave radiation.