Edexcel GCSE Geography B key terms

Work and business activity outside formal registration and employment protections; workers often lack secure contracts, pensions and health insurance.

Work outside the formally regulated economy, often without a contract, regular pay or employment protections.

An area of housing developed outside formal planning arrangements, often with inadequate infrastructure; residents may lack legal rights to the land.

Technology used to store, process and communicate information, including computers, internet connections and mobile networks.

The networks and facilities that support everyday life and economic activity, such as water pipes, sewers and transport systems.

The area surrounding a city’s central commercial district, often containing older housing and former industrial land.

Uncertainty about a person's legal right to occupy or own their home or land, leaving them vulnerable to eviction.

The amount of incoming solar radiation received at a location.

Financial protection that can provide a payout for covered losses, helping people repair or replace damaged property.

An approach that coordinates management of the wider coastal system, balancing human, physical and ecological needs and involving different stakeholders.

An increase in a tropical cyclone’s strength, including stronger winds.

The strength of earthquake shaking at a particular place, assessed using its effects on people, objects and buildings.

The capture of precipitation by vegetation before it reaches the ground.

The dependence of different parts of a system on one another, so that a change in one can affect others.

A warmer interval between glacial periods when ice sheets retreat.

Projecting ridges of valley-side land that alternate from opposite sides of a narrow valley, with the river winding between them.

Technology suited to a community's needs, resources and wealth, which local people can use and maintain sustainably.

Migration between places within the same country, such as moving from another UK city to London.

Migration across national borders to live in another country.

The zone near the equator where trade winds meet and warm, moist air rises, producing low pressure and frequent heavy rainfall.

Money used to establish or expand economic activities, such as factories, offices and transport facilities.

A fracture in rock without displacement of the rock on either side.

A body of water separated from the open sea by a barrier such as a coastal bar.

The time between peak rainfall and peak river discharge.

A volcanic mudflow formed when water mixes with ash and other volcanic material.

Whether suitable land or space is available for a particular activity.

The visible character of an area, resulting from its physical features and human activity.