Edexcel GCSE Geography B key terms

A country experiencing economic development and increasing participation in the global economy, such as China or India.

Movement out of a country to live elsewhere.

A ‘what-if’ pathway describing how greenhouse gas emissions could change in the future.

The distribution of employment between the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary sectors, usually expressed as percentages of total employment.

The ability to obtain and use energy resources, supported by suitable technology and infrastructure.

A substance that stores and delivers energy obtained from another source. Hydrogen is an energy carrier rather than a primary energy source.

Reducing energy use by avoiding waste or changing behaviour, such as switching off unused lights or making fewer car journeys.

Increasing the range of energy sources used, reducing dependence on a single source or supplier.

Using less energy to provide the same useful service, such as heating a room or travelling a particular distance.

The networks and facilities needed to produce and deliver energy, such as roads, pipelines and electricity grids.

The combination of different energy sources used by a country.

A source that can be used to provide energy, such as coal, wind or nuclear fuel.

Having reliable access to enough affordable energy.

The amount of energy consumed in a country over a period, usually a year, divided by its population.

Putting laws into practice through monitoring, preventing illegal activity and applying penalties.

Additional warming caused by increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, largely due to human activities.

A focused geographical question that guides an investigation and is answered by analysing evidence.

A designated area where government incentives and support aim to attract businesses, investment and jobs.

An effect on the natural environment, including habitats, vegetation, soils and water quality.

The condition of a place's surroundings.

A fieldwork method that assesses environmental conditions at selected sites using the same criteria and recording scale.

The point on the Earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s focus.

The wearing away and removal of rock or sediment.

A mapped area within which coastal erosion may threaten land or other features over a stated period and under specified assumptions.

The presence of people identifying with a range of ethnic backgrounds within a population.

Moving people away from a dangerous area to a safer place.

An area offering incentives to businesses that produce goods for export.