Edexcel GCSE Geography B key terms

A large-scale approach in which governments or other powerful organisations make decisions and direct investment.

The average number of children a woman would have over her lifetime if current age-specific fertility rates continued.

The route followed by the centre of a tropical cyclone as it moves.

The rolling of large particles along the river bed.

A situation in which the value of imports exceeds the value of exports over the same period.

Prevailing tropical winds blowing from the north-east in the northern hemisphere and from the south-east in the southern hemisphere towards the equatorial low-pressure zone.

Fuels such as wood, charcoal and dried animal dung used particularly for cooking and heating.

A situation in which traffic demand exceeds road capacity, causing slow movement and queues.

A line along which observations or measurements are collected.

A business that operates in more than one country.

The release of water vapour from plants, mainly through their leaves.

A reduction or removal of tree canopy in an area; it can result from harvesting or fire and does not necessarily mean permanent conversion to a different land use.

A smaller river or stream that joins another river.

A powerful rotating storm that develops over warm tropical oceans, bringing strong winds and heavy rainfall.

A series of waves produced by sudden displacement of a large volume of water, often following movement of the seabed during an earthquake.

Oil and gas sources that require additional extraction or processing techniques because the fuel cannot flow freely towards a well.

A situation in which the quantity supplied is insufficient to meet demand at the current price.

An area of relatively high land, often with hills, mountains and rugged terrain.

The densely populated, built-up central part of an urban area, where many jobs, services and transport connections are concentrated.

The activities carried out in a place, such as retailing, manufacturing or housing.

The increase in the number of people living in towns and cities.

An increase in the proportion of a population living in towns and cities.

The number of people living in an urban area.

An increase in the number of people living in towns and cities. This does not necessarily mean that their share of the total population increases.

The dominance of one urban area within a country, giving it disproportionate economic and/or political influence compared with other urban areas.

Creating a new identity for an urban area, often by combining physical regeneration with changes to its image and reputation.

Investment to revive a declining urban area, through improving existing buildings, services and opportunities or clearing land and rebuilding.