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GCSE Geography · key term
A business that operates in more than one country.
Used by AQA, Edexcel and OCR
Paper 2
A business with operations in more than one country.
Revise: The Role and Impact of TNCs in Economic DevelopmentA transnational corporation (TNC) is a business with operations in more than one country. The country receiving its investment is the host country. Nigeria, a newly emerging economy (NEE), hosts TNCs including Shell and Unilever.
Specification 5.4, 5.6, 5.8 · Paper 2
Use named TNCs and locate their activities: Shell extracts oil in Nigeria’s Niger Delta; Unilever manufactures products such as soap and food.
Identify who controls decisions: government- or TNC-led projects are top-down; community-led projects are bottom-up. Size alone does not define the approach.
Public investment means government investment, not investment by members of the public. Private investment includes smaller businesses as well as TNCs.
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A company that operates in more than one country.
A separate distinction concerns who makes the decisions: projects can be top-down, led by governments or transnational corporations (TNCs), or bottom-up, led by communities. These categories overlap: international aid can fund either approach.
Paper 1, Paper 2, Paper 3
Revise: Globalisation: The Role of TNCs and GovernmentsA transnational corporation (TNC) is a business operating in more than one country. TNCs contribute to globalisation by investing overseas and linking production, services and markets across borders.
A company that operates in more than one country.
Specification 6.1b, 6.2b · Paper 2, Paper 3
Revise: Causes of Uneven DevelopmentMuch international trade is controlled by large transnational corporations, many based in ACs. This means that trade involves differences in economic power as well as the exchange of products. A country can participate in trade yet still struggle to build a more prosperous economy.