Edexcel GCSE Geography B key terms

The downward movement of air in the atmosphere, associated with high pressure at the surface.

Farming mainly to provide food for the farmer and their household.

Farming mainly to provide food for the farmer and their household rather than to sell for profit.

An outer district of a town or city, usually dominated by housing.

The outward growth of a town or city through the development of suburbs at its edge.

Relatively young geological deposits lying above bedrock, often consisting of unconsolidated gravel, sand, silt or clay.

Water flowing over the ground surface towards a river.

The carrying of fine sediment within flowing water.

Meeting present needs without harming future generations’ ability to meet their own needs.

Managing the coast in ways that balance social, economic and environmental needs over the long term.

Development that meets people’s present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Using energy in ways that meet present needs while limiting environmental damage and protecting future generations’ ability to meet their needs.

Farming that meets people's needs today without reducing the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

Managing and using forests to meet present needs while maintaining their resources, biodiversity and benefits for future generations.

Harvesting timber while allowing forests to regenerate and maintaining their environmental value for future generations.

Meeting urban residents’ needs while reducing environmental damage and resource use, without undermining future generations’ ability to meet their needs.

The movement of water up a beach after a wave breaks.

The mainly coniferous forest biome of the high northern latitudes, characterised by cold winters and short, mild summers.

A tax charged on goods traded across a national border, usually imports.

Deposits containing sand, clay, water and bitumen, a thick, heavy form of oil that needs processing before it can be used.

Movement and deformation of the Earth’s crust associated with moving tectonic plates.

A natural event associated with earthquakes or volcanic activity that can harm people or damage property.

A moving section of Earth's lithosphere.

The difference between a measured temperature and the average temperature for a specified reference period.

Economic activities that provide services, such as healthcare, education, retail and banking.

An increase in the volume of seawater as it warms, contributing to sea-level rise.

Large-scale ocean circulation driven by differences in water density caused by temperature and salinity.