Key terms & definitions

The transfer of blood from a donor into a patient's bloodstream to replace blood that has been lost.

The name given to the large number of offences punishable by death in eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Britain.

The violent confrontation in Trafalgar Square in 1887 when police, supported by soldiers, dispersed demonstrators, damaging trust in the police among their critics.

A process that makes a hollow plastic product by inflating a softened plastic tube inside a mould.

A Viking religious sacrifice or celebration intended to gain the gods’ goodwill in return for offerings.

A wealthy husband in a tale who conceals the bodies of murdered wives in a forbidden room. Rochester’s hidden wife creates echoes of this figure, without making their actions identical.

Indicator paper coloured with litmus that changes from blue to red under acidic conditions.

A form of music with African American roots in the southern United States, often expressing hardship, sorrow or resilience.

A short-range wireless technology used to exchange data between nearby devices.

A type of white blood cell involved in the specific immune response; B-lymphocytes produce antibodies and form memory lymphocytes.

A low-budget film. The term originally described the inexpensive supporting film in a cinema double feature and later remained in use for low-budget genre films.

A relatively thick, stiff sheet material made from paper fibres or layers of paper, used for products such as packaging and displays.

Going aboard an enemy ship to fight its crew and attempt to capture it.

A school where pupils live as well as study. Schools used in assimilation policies separated Native American children from their families and discouraged their languages and traditions.

A local body organised to respond to threats to health, including monitoring outbreaks and distributing advice.

A wedge-shaped Viking formation, sometimes consisting of 20–30 warriors, used to try to break an enemy shield wall.

A helmet incorporating pieces of boar’s tusk as protective material.

A bridge supported by floating boats, allowing people, animals and equipment to cross water.

In Mahayana Buddhism, a being who seeks enlightenment for the benefit of all beings and works compassionately to help others towards it.

The tree at Bodh Gaya beneath which Siddhartha Gautama meditated and attained Enlightenment.

A person's ability and right to make decisions about their own body.

The belief that the dead will be raised with bodies, rather than existing only as souls.

A cell forming the tissues and organs of an organism, rather than a reproductive cell such as an egg or sperm cell.

The proportions of fat and non-fat tissues, such as muscle and bone, in the body.

The main written text of an advertisement, explaining and promoting the product.

A diagonal joining opposite vertices through the interior of a solid, rather than across one face.

How a person sees and feels about their body and appearance.

Communication through bodily behaviour, including posture and touch.

A measure of body mass relative to height, calculated using $\text{BMI}=\frac{\text{mass in kg}}{(\text{height in m})^2}$.

A measure relating a person's mass in kilograms to the square of their height in metres, used as an indicator of body size and possible health risk.