Key terms & definitions

Violent and disorderly behaviour, such as fighting, rioting and vandalism, often associated with rival football supporters.

Violent or damaging behaviour by individuals or groups, often associated with spectators at sporting events.

A makeshift settlement of shelters built by homeless Americans during the Depression, named to blame President Hoover for their hardship.

Makeshift settlements of homeless people during the Great Depression, named mockingly after President Herbert Hoover.

A heavily armed Greek infantry soldier who fought on foot, usually in a close formation.

A heavily armed ancient Greek foot soldier who typically fought with a long spear and large round shield.

A formation of heavily armed Greek infantry fighting close together in ranks.

A funnel-shaped container that feeds polymer granules into processing machinery.

A merger or takeover involving businesses in the same industry at the same stage of production.

Ownership or acquisition of businesses operating at the same stage of an industry, such as several film-production companies.

A contraceptive that changes hormone levels to interfere with processes needed for pregnancy, such as ovulation.

A chemical messenger carried in the blood from a gland to target organs, where it produces an effect.

A chemical messenger released by a gland and carried in the blood to affect target organs or cells.

A protein on a cell membrane or inside a cell that binds a particular hormone because their shapes are complementary.

A horn overflowing with food, traditionally symbolising abundance; also called a cornucopia.

Mounted soldiers who use bows, combining missile attacks with rapid movement.

A Hebrew expression meaning ‘Save!’ or ‘Save now!’ which became an exclamation of praise.

A place or service providing end-of-life care, including symptom relief and support for patients and their families.

Care for people approaching the end of life that addresses physical, emotional, social and spiritual needs and supports their families.

The welcome and care offered to guests, including a host’s responsibility to protect them.

The Order of the Hospital of St John in Jerusalem, which originated in a hospice caring for pilgrims before the First Crusade and subsequently developed military responsibilities.

An organism in or on which a pathogen lives and reproduces.

An organism in or on which a pathogen lives, obtaining the conditions and nutrients it needs.

A device that sends or receives data over a network.

A person held as a guarantee that someone else will fulfil an obligation, such as paying an agreed sum of money.

People handed over as a guarantee that a state will honour an agreement.

A living cell used by a virus to produce its genetic material and proteins.

A cell that receives introduced genetic material and can copy it or use its instructions.

A country in which a foreign company establishes business operations.

A country in which a foreign multinational company operates.