Key terms & definitions

An extended comparison, usually using ‘like’ or ‘as’, which develops several points of similarity between the action and another scene.

A policy allowing Ireland to have its own parliament to manage domestic affairs while remaining within the United Kingdom.

Education provided outside school, usually organised by parents and sometimes supported by tutors.

The government minister directly responsible for the Metropolitan Police, including appointing its commissioner.

An 1862 US law allowing settlers to claim 160 acres of public land and gain ownership after living on and improving it for five years, subject to fees.

A settler who established a home and farm on land claimed under homestead legislation, gaining ownership by meeting its conditions.

Education provided away from school, for example when illness prevents attendance or parents choose education at home.

An explanation given by a priest or deacon during Mass, helping the congregation understand the Scripture readings or other liturgical texts and their relevance to Christian life.

A member of the human evolutionary lineage; in this lesson, the term refers to humans and their extinct relatives.

Language or representation that suggests romantic or sexual attraction between people of the same sex.

A matching pair of chromosomes carrying the same genes at the same positions, with one chromosome inherited from each parent. They may carry different alleles.

A matched pair of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent, that carry the same genes in the same positions.

A family of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties; successive members differ by CH₂.

A family of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties. Successive members differ by $CH_2$ and show gradual changes in physical properties.

Body structures in different species that share an underlying pattern because they were inherited from a common ancestor.

Prejudice, hostility or discrimination directed towards gay people.

Prejudice, hostility or discrimination against people because they are gay, lesbian or bisexual.

Prejudice, hostility or discrimination towards people because they are, or are perceived to be, gay or lesbian.

A word that sounds the same as another word but has a different meaning, often with a different spelling, such as ‘their’ and ‘there’.

Sexual attraction towards people of the same sex.

Having two identical alleles of a gene.

Having two identical alleles of a particular gene.

A place that attracts a particularly large concentration of visitors.

A popular location that attracts large numbers of visitors, concentrating both tourism income and pressure on the environment.

A person's standing and reputation, judged through behaviour and qualities such as courage, generosity and loyalty to others.

Moral integrity or the respect earned through conduct. In Julius Caesar, these meanings can conflict: a good reputation does not guarantee a just action.

The respect or esteem given to a person, and the standards of conduct thought worthy of that respect.

A murder committed in the name of protecting or restoring a family’s supposed honour, often targeting a woman accused of breaking social expectations.

The relationship in which the extension or compression of an elastic object is directly proportional to the applied force, provided the limit of proportionality is not exceeded.

The relationship $F = ke$: force and extension are directly proportional, provided the limit of proportionality is not exceeded.