Key terms & definitions

A structure in which one story contains another: Walton records Victor’s account, which contains the creature’s account.

Making a rigid model frame by joining thin softwood or balsa strips with triangular card pieces glued over the joints.

A narrative placed inside another narrative. In Chapter 12, Jonathan Small tells his life story within Watson’s account of the investigation.

A story that surrounds another story, establishing the circumstances in which it is told.

A narrator who provides the surrounding account within which other characters tell their stories.

An outer narrative that introduces and surrounds another story.

A structure made from connected members that form a supporting framework.

The selection of what appears within a photograph’s boundaries; more broadly, the way information is presented to shape its interpretation.

Presenting an issue in a particular way by selecting which facts, words or images to emphasise.

The selection of what appears within the boundaries of a shot, shaped by camera distance, angle and position.

A surrounding situation that provides a way into other events, such as an interrogation that prompts accounts of the past.

The right to vote in an election.

An arrangement allowing an entrepreneur to operate using an established business’s name, products and business system in return for fees.

The legal right to vote in an election.

A collection of related media products sharing a recognisable brand, characters or fictional world.

A series of related films, often sharing characters, a fictional world and recognisable conventions.

A person or business that pays for the right to operate using a franchisor’s brand and business format.

An arrangement in which a franchisor allows a franchisee to operate using its brand and business system in return for payments.

A business that grants others the right to trade using its brand and business format.

The kingdom or empire of the Franks, covering much of modern France and neighbouring European territories. West Francia emerged from its division in 843.

A member of the Franciscan religious order, which followed the example of St Francis of Assisi.

A Catholic religious order whose friars followed the rule of St Francis, emphasising poverty, preaching and religious service.

A name used locally for western European Crusaders and settlers, not only those who came from France.

Obtaining money or another advantage through deliberate deception.

A deliberately deceptive claim, such as pretending to communicate with someone who has died.

A person of African origin who was not enslaved. Free Africans in early modern England included paid workers and people running their own businesses.

Healthcare for which patients do not pay when receiving the service, although it is funded collectively, principally through taxation.

A simplified diagram showing all the external forces acting on one chosen object or system as labelled arrows.

A diagram showing a chosen object or system on its own, with labelled arrows representing the external forces acting on it.

A simplified diagram that represents one object as a dot or box and shows every external force acting on it as a labelled arrow.