Key terms & definitions

The palm, myrtle, willow and citron used together during Sukkot to express praise, God’s presence everywhere and Jewish unity.

President Woodrow Wilson’s programme for peace, announced on 8 January 1918, combining changes to international relations with territorial proposals and a proposed association of nations.

An amendment to the US Constitution requiring states to provide equal protection of the laws.

The Soviet economic plan for 1946–50, which prioritised rebuilding heavy industry and strengthening military production.

A character's acknowledgement of the audience, breaking the imaginary boundary between the fictional world and its spectators.

A Nazi economic programme launched in 1936 under Hermann Göring to prepare Germany for war and reduce dependence on imported resources.

A method of extracting oil or gas by injecting fluid under pressure to fracture rock and release the trapped resource.

A part of a whole, written as one number divided by another.

A group of hydrocarbons from crude oil whose molecules have similar numbers of carbon atoms and similar boiling points.

A mixture separated from crude oil that contains hydrocarbons with similar numbers of carbon atoms and similar boiling points.

A number expressing one quantity divided by another, written in the form $\frac{a}{b}$ where $b\ne0$.

A number written as one quantity divided by another. In $\frac{a}{b}$, the numerator $a$ is divided by the denominator .

A number representing a part of a whole or a division, written with a numerator above a denominator, such as $\frac{3}{5}$.

A coefficient written as a fraction, such as $\frac{3}{4}$ in $\frac{3}{4}x$.

Separating a mixture of miscible liquids with different boiling points using a fractionating column.

Separation of liquids with different boiling points using a fractionating column, in which vaporisation and condensation occur repeatedly.

Separation of a mixture such as crude oil into fractions using differences in boiling point.

An index written as a fraction. Its denominator represents a root and its numerator represents a power.

A tall industrial vessel that is hot at the bottom and progressively cooler towards the top, allowing different fractions to condense at different levels.

A tower in which hydrocarbon vapours separate as they rise through a temperature gradient, with hotter conditions at the bottom and cooler conditions at the top.

A fraction whose numerator and denominator have no common factor greater than 1.

A fraction whose numerator and denominator have no common factor greater than 1.

A number expressing one part as a share of the complete amount.

A crack or break in a bone.

A German questionnaire used during de-Nazification to investigate a person's political activities and involvement with the Nazi regime.

An environment that is easily damaged and may recover slowly from disturbance.

A surviving portion of an ancient work whose complete text has been lost.

The condition in which a file’s blocks are stored in separate locations on a disk rather than together in sequence.

To make an innocent person appear guilty by creating misleading evidence or accusations against them.

An assembly of relatively narrow timber members, such as the sides of a picture frame.