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GCSE English Literature · key term
An outer narrative that contains another story; in Frankenstein, Walton’s letters frame Victor’s account.
Used by AQA and Edexcel
Paper 1
The surrounding story within which another story or sequence is presented. Scrooge’s encounter with the Ghost frames the scenes from his past.
An outer narrative which introduces or contains other characters’ stories or accounts.
An outer story that contains another story. Walton’s Arctic voyage provides the frame for Victor’s account in Frankenstein.
Link a remembered event to Scrooge’s response in the frame narrative: the schoolboy prompts regret about the carol singer, and Fezziwig prompts concern for Bob.
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An outer story within which another story is told, shaping how readers encounter and interpret the inner narrative.
A story that surrounds and contains another narrative. In Frankenstein, Walton’s letters contain Victor’s account and return at the novel’s end.
A story that encloses another story. In Frankenstein, Walton records Victor’s account, which contains the creature’s account.
A story that surrounds another story, establishing the circumstances in which it is told. Walton’s letters frame Victor’s account in Frankenstein.
A story surrounding another story. Walton’s letters contain Victor’s account, allowing the reader to compare the listener’s choices with the narrator’s experience.
A story told within another story. In Frankenstein, Walton’s letters contain Victor’s account, which in turn contains the creature’s account.
A narrative surrounding another narrative. Walton’s letters frame Victor’s account, which contains the creature’s story.
An outer story that contains another story and influences how readers understand it.
A narrative placed inside another narrative. In Chapter 12, Jonathan Small tells his life story within Watson’s account of the investigation.
A narrative that surrounds and contains another narrative, such as Walton’s letters surrounding Victor’s account in Frankenstein.
Paper 2
A story that surrounds and contains another story. In Frankenstein, Walton’s letters contain Victor’s account of his life.
A narrative which surrounds another story, providing the circumstances in which it is told and received.
An outer story which contains another story. In Frankenstein, the creature’s account is contained within Victor’s account.
A story that surrounds and contains another story. In Frankenstein, Walton’s letters contain Victor’s account.
A story surrounding another story. Walton’s Arctic voyage provides the outer narrative within which Victor tells his life story.
An outer story that contains another narrative. In Frankenstein, Walton’s letters surround Victor’s account.
An outer story that contains another narrative. Walton’s letters frame Victor’s account, which in turn contains the creature’s story.
A narrative surrounding another narrative. Walton’s letters contain Victor’s account, which in turn contains the creature’s story.
A narrative that contains another narrative. In Frankenstein, Walton records Victor’s story, which includes the creature’s account.
An outer story which contains another narrative, providing a setting and perspective through which it reaches the reader.
