OCR GCSE History B key terms

A legally designated area in which game animals and their habitat were protected for royal hunting; it did not have to be woodland.

Powers belonging to the monarch, which Elizabeth argued included control over matters such as her marriage, the succession, religion and foreign policy.

An order issued by the monarch using royal authority, without passing an Act of Parliament.

A journey by a monarch through their kingdom, involving visits to different places and households.

Income received by the king, including money from taxation, royal lands and obligations owed by landholders.

A stone monument bearing an inscription in runes, the letters used in early Scandinavian writing.

People of mainly Scandinavian origin who traded and settled in eastern Europe during the Viking Age.

A name initially associated with Scandinavian groups in eastern Europe, which came to describe the increasingly mixed society and state centred on Kyiv.

The Nazi Party’s paramilitary organisation, also called the Storm Troopers or Brownshirts, led by Ernst Röhm until 1934.

The Christian holy day of rest and worship, observed on Sunday in Elizabethan England.

Deliberately damaging equipment, buildings or transport to disrupt an opponent’s activities.

The violent plundering of a captured settlement, often accompanied by destruction and the killing of inhabitants.

A designated area containing temples and other buildings used for religious ceremonies.

An offering given to a god. In Aztec religion, sacrifices included precious goods, food, animals, blood and human lives.

A medieval Scandinavian narrative about past people and events, often combining historical traditions with heroic storytelling.

Protection offered by the Church to someone seeking refuge from arrest, normally allowing forty days to choose between facing trial and leaving the country.

Measures that keep surroundings hygienic, especially the safe removal of sewage and other waste.

A region of northern Europe comprising modern Denmark, Norway and Sweden, which formed the main Viking homelands.

Someone unfairly blamed for problems caused by other people or circumstances.

Workers employed to remove rubbish and other waste from streets.

A military policy of destroying resources, such as farms, crops and livestock, to prevent an enemy from using them.

A military strategy that destroys food, buildings and equipment so that an enemy cannot use them.

A room in a monastery where manuscripts were copied and sometimes decorated.

The withdrawal of a state from the United States.

Poverty in which a household’s income could cover basic necessities, but spending on other things leaves too little to meet those needs.

A leading royal adviser and an especially influential member of the Privy Council.

The British government minister responsible for Indian affairs.