Key terms & definitions

An influence that discourages a person from involvement in an activity.

A Tibetan Buddhist spiritual master recognised as a rebirth or manifestation of an earlier master.

A mass of abnormal cells produced by uncontrolled cell division.

An abnormal mass of cells produced by uncontrolled cell division; a malignant tumour can invade surrounding tissue and spread through the body.

A growth of abnormal cells formed through uncontrolled cell division. A tumour may be benign or malignant.

A characteristic molecule on or in a cancer cell that can be used as a target for diagnosis or treatment.

A cold, largely treeless environment with permafrost, low-growing vegetation and a short summer growing season.

Steel alloyed with tungsten; tungsten-containing tool steels include high-speed steels used for cutting at high temperatures.

A garment covering the torso and extending below the waist, sometimes secured with a belt.

A small tablet of earth or clay used by many Shi’a Muslims as the surface on which they place their forehead during prostration.

Cloudiness caused by fine particles suspended in a liquid.

The cloudiness of a liquid caused by suspended particles.

A machine whose blades are turned by flowing steam, causing a shaft to rotate.

A machine whose blades are turned by moving water, steam or wind. It can drive a generator.

A rotating machine driven by a moving fluid, such as water, that can drive an electrical generator.

A variety of wheat introduced to the Plains in 1873 that grew well in the region’s conditions.

One complete loop of wire around a coil.

A change in a poem’s thought, tone, perspective or direction.

A game in which actions occur in turns and progress depends on solving problems through a planned sequence of moves.

Shaping a rotating timber workpiece on a lathe by removing material with cutting tools.

The rotational effect produced when a force acts at a distance from an axis or pivot.

An event or development that significantly altered the direction, pace or extent of change.

The maximum or minimum point at which a curve changes direction.

A point at which a narrative changes direction significantly. Snowball’s expulsion changes Animal Farm from a society with public debate into one governed by Napoleon’s orders.

A moment when the direction of events, or a character’s understanding of them, changes.

The proportion of eligible or registered voters, depending on the measure used, who cast a vote in an election or referendum.

The ratio between the numbers of turns on two transformer coils, commonly written as $N_p:N_s$.

Serious moral corruption or wickedness.

The person who teaches and guides a pupil, often individually. Alexander had several tutors with different responsibilities.

A Christian celebration at the close of the Twelve Days of Christmas, associated with Epiphany and traditions of feasting, entertainment and reversed social roles.