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GCSE Geography · key term
A cold, largely treeless environment with permafrost, low-growing vegetation and a short summer growing season.
Used by AQA and OCR
Specification 3.1.2.4 · Paper 1
Revise: Physical Characteristics and Adaptations in Cold EnvironmentsBoth polar and tundra ecosystems are fragile: damage can take a long time to recover because organisms grow slowly.
Specification 4.3a · Paper 1, Paper 3
A cold, treeless environment with low-growing vegetation and a short growing season, often underlain by permafrost.
Revise: Polar Region CharacteristicsThe surrounding land includes mountains, permanently ice-covered areas and tundra.
Distinguish polar from tundra conditions. Tundra has a seasonally thawed surface layer and more vegetation; permanently ice-covered polar areas have little or no soil.
Link an adaptation to its benefit: shallow roots allow tundra plants to grow above permanently frozen ground.
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