Key terms & definitions

A shot that shows what a character is looking at, aligning the spectator with that character’s visual perspective.

A readiness check in which a cake is pressed gently to see whether its surface springs back.

The high-latitude circulation cell, approximately between 60° and 90° north or south, with descending air over the poles.

An environment at very high latitudes around the North or South Pole, with extreme cold and extensive permanent ice cover.

An American submarine-launched ballistic missile system carrying nuclear warheads, first deployed operationally in 1960.

In Marx’s prediction, the increasing division between a smaller, richer capitalist class and a larger, poorer working class.

Which of two terminals is at the higher potential; reversing the polarity reverses the sign of the measured voltage.

Which of two terminals is positive and which is negative.

The distinction between positive and negative electrical connections; some components must be connected the correct way round to work.

An orbit that takes a satellite over or close to both of Earth's poles.

An independently switched set of contacts within a switch.

An Athenian official who initially held overall command of the army, above the ten tribal generals.

A senior Spartan military officer who received orders from the campaigning king; in Xenophon’s later description, the commander of a mora.

An elected official introduced in 2012 to oversee policing in a force area and provide a link between the police and the public.

A directly elected official who oversees a local police force, sets policing priorities, controls its budget and holds the Chief Constable to account.

Unequal treatment or selective attention by the police towards particular groups or types of crime, which can influence recorded crime patterns.

A formal warning for a minor offence; the person must admit the offence and agree to the caution. It is not a criminal conviction.

A neighbourhood-based support worker who assists the police through visible patrols, community contact and work against anti-social behaviour, with more limited powers than a police constable.

Repeated actions by police that intimidate or unfairly target individuals or a community.

A national computer system introduced in 1974 that allows police to access and share records, including information about vehicles and missing persons.

A drama that focuses on the work and methods of police officers as they investigate crimes.

Offences reported to or discovered by the police and entered into their crime records.

Offences reported to or detected by the police and entered into their crime records.

The development of officers or units with expertise in particular types of crime or investigative work.

A state in which police and security organisations exercise extensive powers to monitor, intimidate and punish people, without effective protection of individual rights.

The work of enforcing the law, preventing crime and investigating offences.

A decision or plan adopted by an organisation or public authority to guide action, such as restricting development on a flood plain or changing drain maintenance.

A proposed course of action to address an issue or achieve an aim.

A person involved in developing public policy, such as a politician or government official.

Stresemann’s approach of cooperating with the post-war settlement to build trust and negotiate concessions for Germany.