OCR GCSE Geography B key terms

A group of people born during the same period, whose progress through age groups can be followed over time.

The number of live births per 1,000 people in a population per year.

Data recording two variables for each observation, so that their relationship can be investigated.

Boserup's argument that population pressure encourages innovation and more intensive farming, increasing food production.

An approach in which local people help identify needs, make decisions and manage solutions, rather than having decisions imposed entirely from above.

Development involving local communities in identifying their needs and deciding how improvements should be made, often with support from NGOs.

A model of typical downstream river changes, including increasing width, depth and discharge, and decreasing bedload particle size.

Land that has previously been built on.

An area whose character is dominated by features constructed by people, such as buildings and roads.

An organised bus transport system using dedicated infrastructure and coordinated services to improve public transport journeys.

An ecosystem or other store that takes in more carbon than it releases.

A hollow eroded into coastal rock as waves enlarge a crack or other weakness.

The breakdown of rock through chemical reactions that change or dissolve its minerals.

Low height for a child's age, indicating longer-term undernutrition.

Low weight for a child's height, indicating undernutrition.

A map that shades defined areas according to a numerical value, such as population density.

A large-scale loop of atmospheric movement involving rising air, movement at altitude, sinking air and movement near the surface.

A range used to group numerical observations, such as depths from 10 cm up to, but not including, 20 cm.

The long-term pattern of weather conditions in a place, including temperature and precipitation.

A long-term change in the average conditions of the atmosphere, including temperature and rainfall.

An estimate of possible future climate conditions based on climate models and assumptions such as future greenhouse gas emissions.

Indirect evidence used to reconstruct past climate when direct measurements are unavailable.

A broad region with similar long-term patterns of temperature and precipitation.

A plate boundary where two continental plates move towards one another, compressing and deforming the crust.

The control of one country or territory by another, often involving the use of its people and resources for the benefit of the ruling country.

Catching fish for sale rather than mainly for the fishers’ own consumption.

A raw material or agricultural product bought and sold, such as gold.