OCR GCSE Geography B key terms

How closely a measurement or count matches the true value.

The surface layer of ground above permafrost that thaws in summer and freezes again in winter.

A country with a high level of economic development and generally high living standards, although significant inequalities can still exist.

A smaller earthquake that follows the main earthquake in the affected region.

A population in which older people make up an increasing proportion of the total population.

A large commercial business involved in farming and sometimes also food processing, transport and sales.

A shortage of water in the soil that affects farming and crop growth.

To examine evidence in detail and explain relationships between its parts.

A short explanatory note attached to a relevant feature of a graph or chart.

A value that does not follow the general pattern of a dataset.

An international agreement governing Antarctica that promotes peaceful use, scientific research and cooperation between countries.

Technology suited to local needs, skills and resources, so that local people can use and maintain it.

Farming that grows crops rather than raising livestock.

An opening through a headland with a roof of rock above it, formed when a cave breaks through.

The amount of surface covered by a shape or place, measured in square units such as m² or km².

The weaker, deformable region of the upper mantle beneath the lithosphere, over which tectonic plates move.

The force exerted by the weight of air on a surface. Rising air is associated with low surface pressure; sinking air is associated with high surface pressure.

Descriptive information attached to a mapped feature, such as a building’s use or the population of an area.

The wearing down of transported particles as they collide, becoming smaller and more rounded.

The relationship between distances on a graph axis and the values they represent.

The movement of water back down a beach under gravity.

A map providing an underlying framework of locations, boundaries or other features onto which information can be added.

An inlet where the coastline curves inland, often formed by the faster erosion of less resistant rock.

An accumulation of deposited sand, shingle or other sediment along a shoreline.

A line drawn through the centre of a scatter of points to summarise their overall relationship.

A systematic tendency for data collection or selection to favour particular results, people, places or times.

The variety of living organisms in an area.