OCR GCSE Geography B Key Terms

A four-digit number used to identify a specific 1 km by 1 km grid square on an Ordnance Survey map.

A six-digit number used to pinpoint a specific 100 m by 100 m location within a grid square.

A government strategy mandating 70% of university students study STEM and 30% study humanities to create a skilled workforce.

The non-living physical and chemical components of an environment, such as climate, soil, water, and sunlight.

An erosional process where rocks and sediment carried by a river or the sea scrape against the bed or banks like sandpaper.

A highly developed nation (Advanced Country) with significant financial and technological resources for hazard management.

Having the resources (money or transport) to obtain food.

The degree to which a measurement reflects actual reality, often improved by using more precise equipment.

A component of SMART criteria ensuring the investigation can be completed safely within the constraints of the trip.

Advanced Countries; nations with high levels of wealth, industrialisation, and food security.

The top layer of tundra soil that thaws during the brief summer and refreezes in the autumn.

The process by which rising air cools and expands due to a decrease in atmospheric pressure with altitude.

The rate at which atmospheric temperature decreases with an increase in altitude.

The process by which sinking air warms and compresses as atmospheric pressure increases closer to the Earth's surface, preventing cloud formation.

Highly developed countries with high GNI per capita and service-based economies, such as the UK, USA, and Japan.

A wealthy, highly developed nation that typically experiences high food security, a food surplus, and high daily calorie consumption.

A coastal management policy where new sea defences are built seaward of the original shoreline, reclaiming land from the sea.

The deliberate planting of trees in an area where there was no previous tree cover, often used as a natural flood management technique.

A population where the median age is rising and a growing proportion of people are aged 65 or over.

The clustering or concentration of businesses in one place for mutual benefit, such as sharing infrastructure or a skilled labour pool.

The deposition of sediment on a riverbed, raising its elevation; common in the construction phase of urbanisation.

Large-scale commercial farming run as a business, integrating multiple stages of food production from farm to fork.

Occurs when there is insufficient soil moisture to meet the needs of crops, leading to failing harvests.

The process of increasing crop yields per unit of land through technological innovations like fertilisers, high-yield seeds, and mechanisation.

The measurement of the amount of a crop harvested per unit of land area.

A neighbourhood that integrates agriculture into a residential area to provide local food access.

Any chemical used in agriculture, including synthetic herbicides, pesticides, and fertilisers.

The ability of light-coloured surfaces, such as ice and snow, to reflect solar radiation back into space, helping to keep polar regions cold.

A fine-grained, nutrient-rich soil composed of silt and clay that is deposited across a floodplain by floodwaters.

The process of identifying patterns, trends, and relationships within data using statistical tools.