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GCSE Geography · key term
Indirect evidence used to reconstruct past climate when direct measurements are unavailable.
Used by Edexcel and OCR
Specification 2.2 · Paper 1
An indirect indicator of past climate, such as tree-ring width or preserved pollen, used when direct measurements are unavailable.
Revise: Natural Climate ChangeScientists cannot use thermometers to measure temperatures thousands of years before instruments existed. Instead, they reconstruct climate using preserved evidence, often called climate proxies.
Paper 1
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Indirect evidence of past climate: a preserved feature whose properties change in response to climatic conditions.
To discover how climate changed before regular temperature measurements, scientists use climate proxies: indirect evidence preserved in features such as ice and tree rings. Historical documents and artwork provide further clues.
Specification 2.1a · Paper 1, Paper 3