OCR GCSE Geography B key terms

A community of living organisms interacting with one another and with their non-living environment.

Tangible products obtained from an ecosystem, such as timber, food, water and medicines.

Benefits provided by the functioning of an ecosystem, such as climate regulation, nutrient recycling and protection against soil erosion.

Tourism intended to conserve the natural environment and benefit local communities while limiting environmental damage.

An emerging and developing country: a country whose economy is developing, often with growing manufacturing, exports and average incomes.

The ENSO phase with sustained warmer-than-average surface waters in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific, accompanied by changes in atmospheric circulation.

A country whose economy is developing, often with expanding industry and services, but with uneven incomes and standards of living.

The strengthening of the greenhouse effect as human activities increase atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations, causing additional warming.

The El Niño Southern Oscillation: an irregular natural cycle involving changes in equatorial Pacific sea temperatures, winds and atmospheric pressure, with neutral, El Niño and La Niña phases.

A consequence affecting habitats, species or other parts of the natural environment.

An agreement associated with the Antarctic Treaty that designates Antarctica as a natural reserve devoted to peace and science and strengthens environmental protection.

The point on the Earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s focus.

The wearing away and removal of rock or sediment by moving water, waves, wind or ice.

A line positioned by eye to follow the overall relationship, with points and their distances from the line roughly balanced on either side.

Choosing goods and services with consideration for their effects on people, livelihoods and the environment.

The variety of ethnic groups within a population. Ethnicity concerns people’s identification with shared cultural backgrounds, heritage or ancestry; it is not the same as nationality or birthplace.

A group of people with a shared cultural heritage, which may include ancestry, language, traditions or religion.

A person's identification with a group sharing cultural heritage, which may include ancestry, language and traditions.

To make a supported judgement about something’s strengths, limitations and usefulness for a particular purpose.

A judgement about how useful or reliable information is for a particular purpose, considering its strengths and limitations.

Estimating a value beyond the range of the available data by extending its trend.

Weather that is unusually severe or unusual for a particular place and time of year.

The ring of towering storm clouds surrounding a tropical storm's eye, where its strongest winds and heaviest rainfall occur.

A certification system that aims to make trade fairer for farmers and workers through pricing arrangements, an additional Premium and social and environmental standards.

A price safety net that protects producers when market prices fall, while allowing them to benefit when market prices rise.

Extra money paid to producers, in addition to the product price, which farmers and workers decide how to invest.

A fracture in the Earth’s rocks along which movement occurs.