Eduqas GCSE History key terms

The commitment to remain unmarried expected of priests by Church reformers.

Medical teaching based on examining and treating patients, connecting medical knowledge with practical care.

The Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, formed in 1958 to persuade Britain to give up its nuclear weapons.

A group of countries working together towards a common aim, such as the US-led forces that fought Iraq in the Gulf War.

A government formed by two or more political parties working together.

An entertainment in which fighting birds were placed in a pit or ring, often with spectators betting on the outcome.

A book-like manuscript using pictures and symbols to record information, such as history, tribute obligations and religious traditions. Its plural is codices.

The prolonged political, economic, military and ideological rivalry after the Second World War between the USA and its allies and the USSR and its allies, without a direct full-scale war between the two superpowers.

An agreement negotiated between employers and representatives of workers, such as trade unions, about pay or working conditions.

An arrangement in which an attack on one member of an alliance is treated as an attack on all.

Government by several senior figures sharing authority, rather than by a single dominant ruler.

The merging of individual peasant farms into large farms where land, labour and resources were organised collectively under state control.

The establishment of settlements and control over territory by people from another country, often involving the dispossession or exploitation of existing inhabitants.

Exclusion of people from jobs, services or premises because of their skin colour.

Direct participation in fighting against an enemy.

Coordinating different types of forces, such as infantry, artillery, tanks and aircraft, so that they support one another.

The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, established in January 1949 to coordinate the economic policies of the USSR and its allies.

A publication containing illustrated stories, often using humour and speech or thought bubbles.

The Communist Information Bureau, established in September 1947 to coordinate communist parties and strengthen Soviet influence.

An association of countries, many of which were formerly part of the British Empire.

A loose association of independent former Soviet republics established in December 1991, rather than a continuation of the USSR under one central government.

The shared duty of members of a community to maintain order, report crime and help pursue suspected offenders.

An ideology seeking common ownership and a classless society. In the Soviet system, the state controlled major property and production, claiming to act for the community.

An approach to policing which builds regular contact, trust and cooperation between officers and the communities they serve.

Unpaid work ordered by a court as a punishment that benefits the community.

A court order requiring an offender to perform unpaid work that benefits the community, as an alternative to another sentence.

A court order requiring a convicted offender to pay compensation for injury, loss or damage caused by an offence.