Eduqas GCSE History key terms

A collar of starched, pleated linen or lace worn around the neck.

The belief that individuals should provide for themselves rather than rely on government support.

A society in which most people live in the countryside and depend on farming for their livelihood.

The Nazi Party's uniformed paramilitary organisation, also called the Sturmabteilung or Brownshirts. It intimidated opponents and disrupted their meetings.

The deliberate destruction or disruption of installations, supplies or communications to weaken an opponent.

A narrative about legendary or historical people and events, especially in the medieval Old Norse tradition, often drawing on earlier oral storytelling.

A workshop or large working space where sails are made and repaired.

The French succession principle used to exclude inheritance of the throne through a woman, preventing Edward III from inheriting through his mother, Isabella.

A section of a military position that projects into enemy-held territory.

The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks and resulting agreements intended to restrict parts of the superpowers’ nuclear arsenals.

Measures that maintain clean, healthy conditions, including the safe disposal of waste, to reduce the spread of disease.

A military engineer who undertakes tasks such as constructing defences, digging tunnels or laying mines.

A country formally separate from another power but heavily dominated by it; during the Cold War, the term commonly describes states under Soviet influence in Eastern Europe.

Unfairly blaming a person or group for problems they did not cause.

Fiction that explores imagined scientific or technological developments and their effects.

The Southern Christian Leadership Conference, a civil rights organisation associated with Martin Luther King and non-violent protest.

The destruction or removal of resources and shelter to prevent an enemy from using them.

The deliberate destruction of supplies, crops or property to deny an enemy the resources needed to continue fighting.

The use of an engine-driven propeller to move a ship through the water.

A payment made instead of personally providing the military service owed through a feudal obligation.

Strategic Defence Initiative: Reagan’s proposed missile-defence system, announced in 1983 and nicknamed ‘Star Wars’. It was not an operational protective shield.

Students for a Democratic Society: an American student organisation that campaigned for greater student influence and became involved in protest against the Vietnam War.

A coastal town developed to provide accommodation, entertainment and other services for visitors.

The papally supported military expedition of 1147–1149, launched after the fall of Edessa to defend the Crusader states. Its principal campaign in the eastern Mediterranean failed.

Relating to worldly government and affairs rather than religious authority.

The Socialist Unity Party, which dominated East Germany’s government and political life.

The enforced separation of people into racial groups, for example in schools, transport and public facilities.