Eduqas GCSE History key terms

A system using radio waves to detect objects such as approaching enemy aircraft.

Cancer treatment that uses radiation to destroy cancer cells.

A row of soldiers standing side by side within a formation.

A payment demanded for the release of a captive.

Cortés’s seizure and holding of the Aztec ruler Montezuma as security against attack. During his captivity, Montezuma acknowledged King Charles’s authority and handed treasure to the Spanish.

The control of how much of a scarce product each person can obtain.

The US policy under President Reagan of providing financial and military support to anti-communist fighters to roll back communism, rather than merely prevent its further spread.

Ronald Reagan’s economic approach, centred on tax cuts, reduced welfare spending and a greater role for private enterprise.

The rebuilding and expansion of a country’s armed forces and weapons.

A sustained fall in economic activity, usually involving declining production, business difficulties and rising unemployment.

Gathering information about enemy positions, movements or terrain.

The Christian reconquest of Muslim-ruled territories in the Iberian Peninsula, completed with the fall of Granada in 1492.

The rebuilding of damaged housing, infrastructure, industry and agriculture after a war.

An activity undertaken for enjoyment during leisure time, including sport and exercise.

The process of obtaining people for military service, initially through voluntary enlistment in Britain during the First World War.

Refusal to attend the Church of England services required by Elizabeth’s Religious Settlement.

A person who refused to attend the required Church of England services, usually because of Catholic beliefs.

The Soviet Union’s armed forces during the Second World War.

Admission to a town or city’s formal freedom by purchase rather than through apprenticeship.

A wave of fear that communists and other political radicals threatened the USA, intensified after the Russian Revolution of 1917.

A vote in which the electorate decides directly on a particular proposal.

Changing an offender’s behaviour so that they are less likely to commit further crimes.

The ceremonial objects and clothing associated with monarchy, including the crown, sceptre and orb.

A member of the armed forces who serves full-time as a professional.

The use of organised rules and oversight to control how an activity is conducted.

Helping an offender change their behaviour and return to society without committing further crimes.

An organisation established in September 1933 to control cultural work in Germany; membership requirements helped the Nazis exclude unwanted artists and ideas.