Eduqas GCSE History key terms

A person who is paid to take part in sport.

The process of making an army more effective through improved training, organisation, education and standards of service.

Taking part in sport for payment, rather than solely as an unpaid pastime.

A policy banning the manufacture, sale and transport of alcoholic drinks; drinking alcohol was not itself banned.

A walkway designed for strolling, often beside the sea.

Communication designed to influence people’s beliefs and actions in support of a particular cause.

Meetings at which ministers practised preaching and discussed religious ideas, intended by their supporters to improve the clergy.

An electoral system in which parties receive parliamentary seats broadly in proportion to their share of the vote.

A policy of protecting domestic producers from foreign competition, particularly by taxing imported goods.

A scheme in which criminals demand payment supposedly to protect someone, while threatening harm or disruption if payment is refused.

The Nazi use of Schutzhaft to imprison people deemed a political danger indefinitely, without a specific charge or trial. Despite its name, it protected the regime rather than the prisoner.

A Christian belonging to a tradition that rejected papal authority. Elizabeth established a Protestant Church of England.

A branch of Christianity which developed through challenges to Catholic teaching and papal authority. In Elizabethan England, Protestants favoured access to the Bible and worship in English.

The sixteenth-century movement challenging the authority and teachings of the Roman Catholic Church and establishing Protestant churches.

A republican paramilitary organisation which sought British withdrawal from Northern Ireland and a united Ireland through an armed campaign.

A conflict in which rival powers support opposing sides rather than fight each other directly.

Music using experimental sounds, recording effects and sometimes unusual instruments, associated with the counterculture of the later 1960s.

A style of rock music associated with the 1960s which used experimental sounds, recording effects and unusual instruments, influenced partly by experiences of hallucinogenic drugs.

The carrying out of a death sentence in front of spectators.

Organised action to protect the health of a community, including disease monitoring and measures to prevent infection.

Government-funded construction projects, such as roads, schools and hospitals, which provide employment.

A system in which money could be used to obtain an officer's appointment or promotion in parts of the British Army; it was abolished in 1871.

In Catholic belief, a state of purification after death before entry into Heaven.

The removal of people considered disloyal or dangerous from an organisation or society, under Stalin often through imprisonment, exile or execution.

A Protestant who sought further reform of religious worship and objected to practices considered unbiblical or associated with Roman Catholicism.

An attempt to overthrow a government and seize power by force.

Keeping people apart from the wider community for a period to reduce the risk of disease spreading.