Eduqas GCSE History key terms

An agreement to stop fighting; Germany signed one on 11 November 1918 to end the fighting in the First World War.

Protective metal plates fitted to a warship to resist damage from enemy weapons.

Competition between countries to increase the strength or effectiveness of their armed forces and weapons.

A large military formation containing several smaller formations, usually including divisions.

The transmission of military messages using methods such as flags, lamps, electrical telegraphy, wireless or digital communications.

A provision of the Weimar Constitution allowing the president to take emergency measures, including suspending civil liberties, when public security and order were seriously threatened.

Large missile-firing weapons, including medieval siege engines and gunpowder cannon.

A label used by the Nazis for people they falsely claimed belonged to a superior, supposedly racially pure group.

The Nazi process of transferring Jewish-owned businesses to non-Jewish ownership, often through forced sales at prices far below their value.

The peninsula forming much of modern Turkey, also called Anatolia, where the Second Crusade's armies suffered severe losses.

A production system in which a product moves through successive workstations, with each worker or machine completing a particular task.

The process of absorbing a minority group into the dominant society. Policies towards Native American children sought to replace their tribal cultures with the dominant American culture.

The belief that the positions and movements of stars and planets influence human life, including health.

A strategy of wearing down an enemy's manpower, resources and willingness to continue fighting.

A military alliance between France and Scotland, agreed in 1295–96, against the threat of English expansion.

Economic conditions marked by shortages, restricted consumption and efforts to limit spending, experienced in Britain after the Second World War.

Economic self-sufficiency: producing what a country needs rather than depending on imports.

A person who supports military operations, for example through medical care or administrative work, rather than serving primarily as a combat soldier.

The generation born during the increase in births just after the Second World War, many of whom became teenagers or young adults in the 1960s.

The scientific study of bacteria.

Keeping government spending in line with government revenue, rather than borrowing to cover a shortfall.

Forcing someone to leave a country or community as a punishment.

A designated holiday on which banks close. The Bank Holidays Act of 1871 introduced four additional bank holidays in England and Wales; this was not a universal entitlement to paid annual leave.

A practitioner who combined cutting hair with treatments such as extracting teeth, bloodletting and minor surgery.

A boxing contest in which fighters strike with their fists without wearing boxing gloves.

The ability to negotiate better terms, such as higher pay, because the other side needs what you can provide.

The direct exchange of goods or services without using money.