Eduqas GCSE History key terms

Surgery performed through small incisions using miniature instruments and equipment to view the inside of the body.

A religious military order founded around 1120 to protect Christian pilgrims in the Holy Land, which also fought in support of the Crusader States.

A game in which small bones are tossed and caught while other bones are picked up, requiring coordination and dexterity.

The state-sponsored anti-Jewish attacks of 9–10 November 1938, involving destruction of synagogues, businesses and homes, killings and mass arrests; commonly called the Night of Broken Glass.

A racist organisation that used intimidation and violence to maintain white supremacy and also targeted groups including Jews and Catholics.

A peasant regarded as relatively wealthy. Under Stalin, the label was also applied to many peasants who opposed collectivisation, regardless of their wealth.

The proportion of a population who are employed or actively seeking employment.

An organisation established in 1900 to secure parliamentary representation for working people, bringing together trade unions and socialist organisations; it became the Labour Party in 1906.

An appliance that reduces the time or effort needed for a task, such as a washing machine used for household laundry.

A situation in which there are too few available workers to meet employers’ needs.

An approach favouring limited government interference in economic activity and people’s working and living conditions.

A territory with its own regional government within the German federal state; the plural is Länder.

The installation of a church official by a secular ruler, including the granting of symbols of religious office.

The Nazi youth organisation for girls aged 14–18, also called the BDM or League of German Maidens, which promoted Nazi beliefs and prepared girls for roles as wives and mothers.

An international organisation established after the First World War to promote cooperation and preserve peace. Germany joined in 1926.

‘Living space’: Hitler’s aim of conquering territory in eastern Europe to support and supply an expanded Germany.

The lasting effects of an event on later society.

A prominent Sunday afternoon performance at Glastonbury by an established, well-loved artist, often appealing across generations.

A programme through which the USA supplied military equipment and other goods to its allies during the Second World War.

Lenin’s assessment of leading Communist Party figures, written near the end of his life, which criticised Stalin and later recommended removing him as General Secretary.

The eastern Mediterranean lands, including the area in which the Crusader states were established.

The relaxation of restrictions on personal behaviour, increasing individual freedom.

Official permission to hold an event, subject to conditions such as limits on attendance and requirements for hygiene and safety.

A thread tied around a blood vessel to stop the flow of blood.

The use of organised infantry formations, especially lines for musket fire, columns for movement and squares for defence against cavalry.

The ability to read and write.

A council body responsible for organising education locally. The 1902 Education Act transferred responsibility from School Boards to these authorities.

The 1925 agreement in which Germany, France and Belgium accepted Germany’s western borders, guaranteed by Britain and Italy.