Loading…
Loading…
GCSE Geography · key term
Water flowing over the ground surface towards streams and rivers.
Used by AQA, Edexcel and OCR
Specification 3.1.3.3 · Paper 1
Water flowing across the ground surface towards a river, rather than entering the soil.
Revise: Flood Risk and ManagementBoth increase surface runoff. Rapid snowmelt can also add large quantities of water to rivers.
Specification 1.13 · Paper 1
Paper 2
Water flowing over the ground surface towards a river.
Revise: Factors Affecting River Landscapes and HydrologySteep slopes encourage faster surface runoff, which can wash loose material towards the channel. Steep channel gradients also favour energetic erosion and transport. Where flow slows and loses transport capacity, deposition becomes more likely.
Water flowing over the land surface towards a river or other water body.
Water flowing over the land surface towards streams and rivers rather than soaking into the ground.
Specification 1.1b · Paper 1, Paper 3
Water flowing over the ground surface towards streams and rivers rather than soaking into the soil.
Explain flood risk through a causal chain: impermeable surfaces → less infiltration and faster surface runoff → shorter lag time and higher peak discharge.
Explain a chain of cause and effect: impermeable geology → less infiltration and more surface runoff → water reaches the channel quickly → shorter lag time and higher peak discharge.
Develop a cause-and-effect chain: impermeable surfaces reduce infiltration, increasing surface runoff so water reaches the river faster and raises peak discharge.
Create a free account to read GCSE Geography revision notes for your exam board and track your progress.