AQA GCSE Mathematics key terms

The raised integer $n$ in $10^n$, showing how many factors of 10 are involved or, equivalently, how far the decimal point moves.

A graph that falls because each increase of 1 in $x$ multiplies the output by a constant between 0 and 1.

A function in which the variable appears as a power, such as $y=k^x$, where the base $k$ is a positive constant.

A graph that rises because each increase of 1 in $x$ multiplies the output by a constant greater than 1.

A relationship in which equal changes in the input repeatedly multiply the output by the same factor, modelled by a function such as $y=ab^x$.

The small raised number in a power that states how many copies of the base are multiplied; in $4^3$, the exponent is 3.

A combination of numbers, variables and operations that represents a value but does not state that two quantities are equal.

An angle outside a polygon between one side and the extension of an adjacent side.

Estimating a value outside the range of observed data by continuing an apparent trend.

A flat part of the surface of a 3D shape. Each face is a two-dimensional shape.

An expression multiplied as a whole, such as $(x+4)$ in $(x+4)(x-2)$.

A positive whole number that divides another whole number exactly, leaving no remainder; it is also called a divisor.

Writing an expression as a product of factors, often so that a repeated variable can be isolated.

Rewriting an expression as a product of factors which multiply to give the original expression.

A chance experiment is fair when its possible individual outcomes are equally likely.

A sequence in which, in the usual form, each term after the first two is the sum of the preceding two terms.

The result of subtracting one term of a sequence from the next term.

The results obtained by subtracting each term of a sequence from the following term.

A value unchanged by an iteration rule, so $x=g(x)$.

A rule written with symbols that connects two or more quantities.

A number expressing one quantity divided by another, written in the form $\frac{a}{b}$ where $b\ne0$.

A coefficient written as a fraction, such as $\frac{3}{4}$ in $\frac{3}{4}x$.

An index written as a fraction. Its denominator represents a root and its numerator represents a power.

The number of times a value occurs in a data set.

The frequency of a class divided by its class width; it gives the height of a histogram bar.

A table that lists categories or outcomes alongside their frequencies.

A diagram that sorts a total into groups and subgroups, with numbers on its branches showing their frequencies.

The part of a cone or pyramid left after its top has been removed by a cut parallel to the base.