AQA GCSE Mathematics key terms

An assumption about how a probability situation works, such as whether selections are random or whether an object is replaced.

Data shown as individual values rather than combined into class intervals.

Every whole number greater than 1 can be expressed as a product of primes in exactly one way, apart from the order of the factors.

A method of converting units by multiplying by conversion factors equal to 1, so that unwanted units cancel.

The cost of one unit of a product, such as £ per kilogram or pence per 100 ml.

One numerical variable recorded for each member of a data set.

The complete set of elements being considered in a question, often shown by a rectangle in a Venn diagram.

A letter or symbol representing a value that is not yet known.

The boundary at the top of the range of possible original values; for ordinary rounding, this boundary is excluded from the error interval.

A value that divides ordered data so that approximately three quarters of the observations lie at or below it.

A letter or symbol representing a quantity whose value may vary or is not yet known.

Value added tax: a tax included in the price of many goods and services.

A quantity that has both a magnitude and a direction; geometrically, it represents a directed movement.

A diagram that shows relationships between sets using regions, usually circles within a rectangle.

A named corner of a shape, usually labelled with a capital letter such as $A$.

A vertical line that a curve approaches increasingly closely; for a tangent graph, the function is undefined on this line.

A chart for ungrouped discrete numerical data in which a separate vertical line is drawn above each possible value, with its height representing the frequency.

Angles formed opposite each other when two straight lines cross; each opposite pair is equal.

The amount of three-dimensional space occupied by a solid.

The multiplier that changes corresponding volumes or capacities from one similar solid to another.

A correlation in which the points are more spread out around the overall trend.

Choosing an item without returning it before the next choice, so fewer options remain.

The horizontal number line in a Cartesian coordinate system.

The point where a graph crosses or meets the $x$-axis; its $y$-coordinate is zero.

The vertical number line in a Cartesian coordinate system.

The value of $y$ where a line crosses the $y$-axis; it is $c$ in $y=mx+c$.