History key terms

A conclusion drawn from evidence rather than directly stated by it.

A room or building used to care for sick people, often within a monastery.

A general rise in prices which reduces the purchasing power of money.

Government restrictions on African entry into and residence in urban areas, linking permission to live there to approved employment.

Influence over another territory through economic, diplomatic or military power without fully annexing it as a colony.

The basic systems a society needs to function, such as roads, bridges, transport networks and electricity supplies.

The 1987 US–Soviet agreement to eliminate their land-based missiles with ranges of 500–5,500 km.

A court order requiring someone to carry out or stop a particular action.

A movement founded by Mangosuthu Buthelezi in 1975, drawing strongly on Zulu nationalism and his position in KwaZulu. It became the Inkatha Freedom Party in 1990.

Movement into a place to settle there, including movement from elsewhere within the same country.

Deliberately introducing material from smallpox sores into a healthy person to produce an infection intended to protect them against future smallpox. Also called variolation.

Writing cut, engraved or otherwise placed on a durable object; ancient inscriptions can preserve decrees, dedications and other public records.

A modern collection of ancient Greek inscriptions. The prescribed passage from Volume I, number 46 concerns offerings required from the colony at Brea.

An established organisation with lasting influence over society, such as the Church or government.

Racial discrimination arising from an organisation’s procedures, practices and culture, rather than only from the deliberate actions of individual members.

The written constitution introduced in December 1653 which established government under a Lord Protector, a Council of State and Parliament.

An armed rebellion against an established government or occupying forces, often using ambushes and other irregular methods rather than conventional battles.

A society in which people of different racial backgrounds participate together with equal rights, rather than being separated by race.

A person engaged in work involving specialised knowledge or ideas, such as a writer, academic, journalist or scientist.

People engaged in academic, cultural or specialist work, such as professors, writers, editors and engineers.

Information gathered and assessed to help governments identify threats and make decisions.

A system of spies, informants and contacts used to gather information about threats.

An additional month inserted into a calendar to bring its lunar months into alignment with the solar year.

Intervention by an office-holder to prevent another office-holder’s action.

The interaction of different influences, so that the effect of one depends partly on the actions of others.

A Church order suspending most public religious services and sacraments in an area.

An additional charge paid by a borrower for the use of borrowed money.

Contact and cooperation between people belonging to different religions.

A temporary arrangement intended to operate while a longer-term settlement is negotiated.

A temporary administration that governs until more permanent political arrangements can be established.