Chemistry key terms

The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid.

The interval between the temperature at which a sample starts melting and the temperature at which it has completely melted.

A separation technique using a membrane with very small pores that allows water to pass while retaining selected particles or dissolved substances.

The curved surface of a liquid. For a liquid with a concave surface, read the bottom of the curve.

An element that reacts to form positive ions by losing electrons.

A compound containing the carbonate ion, $CO_3^{2-}$, which reacts with an acid to produce a salt, water and carbon dioxide.

A compound containing a metal joined to chlorine; Group 1 chlorides have formula $MCl$, where $M$ represents the metal.

The removal of a metal from a compound in its ore.

A compound formed when a metal reacts with a halogen; its name ends in chloride, bromide, iodide or another halide ending.

A compound containing hydroxide ions, $\mathrm{OH^-}$; soluble Group 1 hydroxides produce alkaline solutions.

A positively charged particle formed when a metal atom loses one or more electrons.

A strong electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons in a giant metallic structure.

The electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons throughout a metal.

The extent to which an element shows the characteristic electron behaviour and properties of a metal.

A giant structure of positive metal ions surrounded by delocalised electrons.

An element close to the boundary between metals and non-metals that has some properties associated with each.

A naturally occurring rock containing enough of a metal compound for extracting the metal to be worthwhile.

A compound containing a metal chemically combined with oxygen.

The simplest hydrocarbon, with the formula $CH_4$; it is the main component of natural gas.

A clear, logically ordered account of how an investigation is carried out so that another person could follow it.

One millionth of a metre: $1\text{ μm}=10^{-6}\text{ m}$.

The directed movement of particles from one place to another.

Liquids that mix together.

Liquids that mix to form one liquid mixture.

Action that limits climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions or removing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere.

Two or more substances together that are not chemically combined.

A charged particle that is free to move and can therefore transfer charge through a substance.

A particle, such as an ion or delocalised electron, that can move through a substance and carry electric charge.

An ion free to move through a liquid or solution and carry electrical charge.

The phase that moves through the stationary phase; in paper chromatography, this is the solvent.